October 2024 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Gender-affirming hormone therapy affects metabolism differently based on treatment type.
15 citations
,
August 2010 in “Fertility and sterility” Metformin works better for adolescent girls with PCOS who have certain genetic variations.
195 citations
,
November 2019 in “Clinica Chimica Acta” High levels of male hormones, insulin resistance, and obesity are closely linked and worsen polycystic ovary syndrome, but more research is needed to improve treatments.
35 citations
,
May 2022 in “Baillière's best practice and research in clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Baillière's best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism” Androgens like testosterone are important hormones for both men and women, made differently in each sex and affecting the body by regulating genes and quick interactions with cell components.
4 citations
,
November 2018 in “Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism Case Reports” GnRH analogue can help diagnose ovarian causes of high testosterone in postmenopausal women when scans don't show the cause.
1 citations
,
January 2023 in “Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology” High DHEA and short cervical length in women with PCOS and recurrent miscarriages may harm pregnancy outcomes.
March 2026 in “JCEM Case Reports” Surgery removed ovarian tumors, normalizing testosterone and improving symptoms.
December 2025 in “Molecules” A new method effectively detects trace sex hormones in cosmetics, ensuring safety.
June 2025 in “Journal of Ovarian Research” Accurate diagnosis is crucial to distinguish between PCOS and rare ovarian tumors in teens with similar symptoms.
26 citations
,
July 2012 in “Endocrine Connections” Mitotane changes steroid breakdown, affecting cortisol availability.
April 2024 in “Journal of endocrinological investigation” Topical minoxidil helps transgender individuals assigned female at birth grow more facial hair.
41 citations
,
March 2016 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” In STSD patients, the body compensates for low androgen levels by increasing another enzyme's activity.
3 citations
,
June 2024 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” Prolactin affects skin health and may lead to new treatments for skin and hair issues.
1 citations
,
February 2025 in “Frontiers in Medicine” JSLE patients often have more hormone and metabolism issues, so regular check-ups and preventing obesity can help.
July 2023 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Gender-affirming hormone therapy improves physical performance in trans men to the level of cisgender men, while in trans women, it increases fat mass and decreases muscle mass, with no advantage in physical performance after 2 years.
June 2023 in “Clinical and Experimental Dermatology” Gender-affirming hormone therapy changes hair growth in transgender people, with feminizing therapy reducing hair and masculinizing therapy increasing it, but sometimes additional treatment is needed.
658 citations
,
June 2003 in “Endocrine reviews” Male hormones may play a role in the development of heart disease, and more research is needed to understand their effects.
947 citations
,
February 2004 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Most women with excess male hormones have Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, and hormonal therapy can improve symptoms but may cause side effects.
139 citations
,
December 2020 in “Cell Stem Cell” Male hormones affect COVID-19 severity and certain drugs targeting these hormones could help reduce the risk.
28 citations
,
May 2018 in “Scientific reports” Exercise improves insulin sensitivity and hormone regulation in PCOS rats.
26 citations
,
November 1993 in “Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry” Treatment during development affects hormone balance and sexual behavior in male rats.
25 citations
,
March 2000 in “Journal of Endocrinological Investigation” Testosterone therapy aims to treat hormone deficiencies and various conditions safely and effectively, but requires careful patient monitoring due to potential side effects.
24 citations
,
October 1994 in “Fertility and Sterility” People with hair loss may have different levels of certain hormones due to changes in hormone processing.
11 citations
,
July 2020 in “Scientific Reports” Statins may be linked to reproductive organ conditions, and their risks should be monitored.
8 citations
,
December 2022 in “Nature Reviews Endocrinology” Sex hormones' effects on COVID-19 are unclear and more research is needed to understand their potential as treatment.
4 citations
,
August 2024 in “PLoS ONE” Both injectable contraceptives lower testosterone and SHBG levels, with NET-EN having a greater effect than DMPA-IM.
2 citations
,
June 2022 in “대한스포츠의학회지” Anabolic steroids boost muscle growth, SARMs increase muscle mass and bone density without side effects, and myostatin inhibitors block a protein that stops muscle growth, but each has potential risks.
March 2024 in “BMC women's health” The levonorgestrel implant increases free testosterone and lowers SHBG more than DMPA-IM and the copper IUD.
January 1983 in “Elsevier eBooks” Cyproterone acetate is used to treat conditions like prostate cancer, early puberty, excessive sexual drive, and female androgenization by affecting androgen functions and suppressing certain hormones.
30 citations
,
June 2012 in “Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes and Obesity” Nonclassic congenital adrenal hyperplasia is a genetic disorder causing hormone imbalances, affecting fertility and requiring personalized treatment.