216 citations
,
May 2003 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Glycerol is essential for skin hydration in mice without sebaceous glands.
52 citations
,
December 2000 in “Archives of Dermatological Research” Scalp skin barrier affects hair loss; personalized treatments needed.
9 citations
,
January 2023 in “Langmuir” Solubility in skin changes with hydration, affecting chemical absorption.
40 citations
,
July 2013 in “Skin Pharmacology and Physiology” Male skin gets drier and more alkaline as it ages, which may need different skincare than women's skin.
12 citations
,
May 2021 in “Clinical Interventions in Aging” Men with androgenetic alopecia have oilier and less hydrated scalps, especially in sensitive areas.
8 citations
,
March 2014 in “Experimental Dermatology” Light and temperature affect the daily skin function rhythms in hairless rats, with temperature influencing water loss but not skin hydration.
October 2022 in “Chinese Journal of Dermatology” Dry skin does not mean the skin's protective barrier is broken; it's often due to a lack of natural skin moisturizers.
16 citations
,
March 2008 in “International journal of pharmaceutics” Different factors like pH, gel type, and chemical enhancers affect how well hydrocortisone gets into hair follicles, and less hydrated skin doesn't work well with the test method.
1 citations
,
May 2003 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” A hormone affects hair growth, certain molecules may prevent skin damage, a skin disease is linked to immune cells, glycerol helps skin hydration, and psoriasis treatment trials need improvement.
48 citations
,
January 2024 in “Frontiers in Pharmacology” Improving topical drug delivery involves overcoming skin barriers and using personalized dosing to enhance effectiveness.
June 2017 in “Experimental dermatology” Skin has a larger surface area than thought, certain skin cells improve skin flap survival, better trials for skin conditions in children are needed, Stevens-Johnson syndrome rates vary by age and race, and better skin barrier function may reduce inflammation in the elderly.
September 2025 in “SKINdeep” Sebaceous glands help protect and maintain healthy skin and hair.
21 citations
,
March 2018 in “American Journal Of Pathology” Mutations in NIPAL4 cause skin issues by disrupting lipid layers, but some improvement is seen with topical treatment.
10 citations
,
January 2014 in “Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin” Ethanol pretreatment affects drug penetration through skin and hair follicles.
55 citations
,
June 2009 in “Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences” Minoxidil promotes hair growth by penetrating skin, with ethanol-containing formulas working best.
29 citations
,
September 2024 in “AAPS PharmSciTech” Transcutol® helps drugs penetrate the skin more effectively in various formulations.
156 citations
,
August 2016 in “Journal of controlled release” Tight junctions are key for skin protection and controlling what gets absorbed or passes through the skin.
15 citations
,
March 2014 in “Biochimica and biophysica acta. Molecular and cell biology of lipids” ACBP is essential for healthy skin and fur by maintaining the skin's barrier function.
2 citations
,
January 2018 in “Elsevier eBooks” Lipid nanoparticles improve drug delivery through the skin, offering stability, controlled release, and better compatibility with skin.
6 citations
,
January 2016 in “Springer eBooks” Invasomes effectively deliver drugs through the skin and have potential for improved treatments.
151 citations
,
November 2018 in “International Journal of Pharmaceutics” Nanoparticles improve drug delivery through the skin but more research is needed on their long-term effects and skin penetration challenges.
149 citations
,
September 2017 in “Pharmaceutics” Pig skin is a good substitute for human skin to measure drug absorption, but differences in skin structure and enzymes across species must be considered.
94 citations
,
September 2014 in “Therapeutic Delivery” Nanoparticles can improve skin treatments by better targeting hair follicles, but more research is needed for advancement.
67 citations
,
January 2012 in “Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin” Nanoparticles don't penetrate intact skin but can enter through pores or damaged skin.
55 citations
,
June 2013 in “Dermatologic Surgery” Ablative fractional resurfacing could improve how well topical drugs penetrate the skin, but more research is needed to fine-tune the method.
34 citations
,
October 1994 in “Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences” Ethanol over 50% helps minoxidil absorb better into skin.
25 citations
,
December 2013 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings” New methods like nanoparticles and microneedles show promise for better skin drug delivery, especially for hair disorders.
20 citations
,
June 2016 in “Magnesium research” Hair follicles help magnesium get through the skin more effectively.
17 citations
,
May 2021 in “Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science” Transferosomes effectively deliver drugs through the skin, improving treatment for skin disorders.
12 citations
,
June 2022 in “FARMACIA” Transethosomal gels improve naftifine skin delivery better than Exoderil cream.