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GlossarySystemic Absorption

substance enters bloodstream and spreads throughout the body

Systemic absorption refers to the process by which a substance, such as a medication or chemical, enters the bloodstream and is distributed throughout the body. This can occur through various routes, including oral ingestion, inhalation, or through the skin. Once in the bloodstream, the substance can exert its effects on different organs and tissues, which is crucial for treatments that need to reach systemic circulation to be effective.

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Simultaneous Effects of Tocopheryl Polyethylene Glycol Succinate on Local Hair Growth Promotion and Systemic Absorption of Topically Applied Minoxidil in a Mouse Model

research Simultaneous effects of tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS) on local hair growth promotion and systemic absorption of topically applied minoxidil in a mouse model

18 citations , October 2005 in “International Journal of Pharmaceutics”

Adding a small amount of TPGS to minoxidil can help hair growth, but too much TPGS reduces this effect and increases minoxidil in the blood.

research Hypertrichosis Induced by Minoxidil: A Case of Systemic Absorption from Scalp Occlusion

April 2025 in “American Journal of Case Reports”

Improper use of minoxidil can cause excessive hair growth.

research Systemic Absorption and Pharmacokinetics of Five Novel Topical Dermatologic Agents: A Review

December 2025 in “JEADV Clinical Practice”

These new skin treatments are safer and more effective with minimal side effects.

research Topical absorption and systemic toxicity

19 citations , March 2011 in “Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology”

Some chemicals absorbed through the skin can cause serious health problems.

research Simultaneous effects of tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS) on local hair growth promotion and systemic absorption of topically applied minoxidil in a mouse model.

January 2005 in “Belarusian State Pedagogical University repository (Belarusian State Pedagogical University)”

0.5% TPGS boosts hair growth with minoxidil, but 2% TPGS increases minoxidil absorption.

research Elevation of transaminases after MMP® session with methotrexate for alopecia areata treatment – how much do we know about the risks of systemic absorption of the technique?

6 citations , December 2022 in “Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia”

research Topical use of systemic drugs in dermatology: A comprehensive review

19 citations , November 2011

Using systemic drugs as creams for skin conditions shows promise, but more research is needed to confirm their effectiveness and safety.

Lack of Endocrine Systemic Side Effects After Topical Application of Spironolactone in Men

research Lack of endocrine systemic side effects after topical application of spironolactone in man

8 citations , April 1988 in “Journal of endocrinological investigation”

Topical spironolactone cream doesn't cause hormone-related side effects in the body.

Percutaneous Absorption of Minoxidil in Humans

research Percutaneous Absorption of Minoxidil in Man

52 citations , February 1985 in “Archives of Dermatology”

Minoxidil absorbs poorly through skin, with low risk of side effects at 1-2% concentration.

research The biology and clinical application of systemic glucocorticoids

5 citations , November 1992 in “Current problems in dermatology”

Glucocorticoids are powerful anti-inflammatory drugs that must be used carefully to avoid serious side effects.

research Cushing Syndrome from Percutaneous Absorption of 1% Hydrocortisone Ointment in Netherton Syndrome

42 citations , January 2007 in “Pediatric dermatology”

Low-potency steroids can cause serious side effects in people with skin conditions like Netherton syndrome.

research Liposomal systems as drug delivery vehicles for dermal and transdermal applications

151 citations , July 2011 in “Archives of Dermatological Research”

Liposomal systems show promise for delivering drugs through the skin but face challenges like high costs and stability issues.

research <p>Potential of Nanoparticles as Permeation Enhancers and Targeted Delivery Options for Skin: Advantages and Disadvantages</p>

130 citations , August 2020 in “Drug Design Development and Therapy”

Nanoparticles can improve skin drug delivery but have challenges like toxicity and stability that need more research.

research Cutaneous Permeation and Penetration of Sunscreens: Formulation Strategies and In Vitro Methods

79 citations , December 2017 in “Cosmetics”

Effective sunscreen formulations can reduce skin absorption and enhance protection.

Preparation and Characterization of Dutasteride-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers Coated with Stearic Acid-Chitosan Oligomer for Topical Delivery

research Preparation and characterization of dutasteride-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers coated with stearic acid-chitosan oligomer for topical delivery

47 citations , April 2017 in “European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics”

The new dutasteride formula can be applied to the skin, may promote hair growth, and has fewer side effects.

research Diffuse hypertrichosis during treatment with 5% topical minoxidil

44 citations , January 1997 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

Stopping 5% topical minoxidil can reverse unwanted hair growth on the face and limbs.

research Intralesional steroids for alopecia areata

36 citations , January 2010 in “International Journal of Trichology”

Intralesional steroids can help regrow hair in some alopecia areata patients but have side effects.

research The use of liposomes in the topical application of steroids

33 citations , May 1984 in “Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology”

Liposomes are not better than acetone for applying DHT on skin.

Topical Formulations Containing Finasteride: In Vitro Permeation/Penetration Study and In Vivo Pharmacokinetics in Hairless Rat

research Topical Formulations Containing Finasteride. Part I: In Vitro Permeation/Penetration Study and In Vivo Pharmacokinetics in Hairless Rat

23 citations , June 2014 in “Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences”

Finasteride cream helps hair growth with less side effects.

research Emerging drugs for alopecia areata: JAK inhibitors

20 citations , January 2018 in “Expert opinion on emerging drugs”

JAK inhibitors may soon be a safe and effective treatment for alopecia areata.

research Diffuse hypertrichosis during treatment with 5% topical minoxidil

18 citations , January 1997 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

5% topical minoxidil can cause severe body hair growth, which disappears after stopping treatment.

research Topical minoxidil in the treatment of alopecia areata.

18 citations , March 1984 in “BMJ”

Minoxidil helps hair regrowth in alopecia, but more research needed.

research Minoxidil induced hypertrichosis in a 2 year-old child

17 citations , October 2013 in “F1000Research”

A 2-year-old boy grew excessive hair after using minoxidil for hair loss, but it improved when the treatment stopped.

research Infantile generalized hypertrichosis caused by topical minoxidil

10 citations , February 2016 in “Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia”

Topical minoxidil can cause excessive hair growth in children, so use it carefully.

research Minoxidil-induced hypertrichosis: Pathophysiology, clinical implications, and therapeutic strategies

7 citations , August 2024 in “JAAD reviews.”

Minoxidil can cause unwanted hair growth, so personalized care and support are important.

Optimization of Lipid-Based Nanoformulation for Cutaneous Targeting: Niosomes as Potential Candidates

research Lipid-based nanoformulation optimization for achieving cutaneous targeting: Niosomes as the potential candidates to fulfill this aim

6 citations , May 2023 in “European journal of pharmaceutical sciences”

Niosomes are the most effective at delivering drugs to the skin with minimal absorption into the body.

research Minoxidil topical foam: A new kid on the block

4 citations , January 2009 in “International journal of trichology”

Minoxidil topical foam is a better, less irritating treatment for hair loss.

research Enhancing alopecia areata management: Nanocrystal-driven strategy for targeting hair follicles

3 citations , April 2025 in “International Journal of Pharmaceutics”

Nanocrystals improve alopecia areata treatment by better targeting hair follicles.

research Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutic Applications of Topical Corticosteroids in Contemporary Pharmacy Practice-An Updated Review for Pharmacists

December 2025 in “Saudi Journal of Medicine and Public Health”

Pharmacists are key in choosing and guiding the safe use of topical corticosteroids for skin conditions.

Blood Pressure Changes in Patients After Minoxidil Microinfusion to Treat Female Pattern Alopecia: Analysis of a Randomized, Single-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial

research Blood pressure changes in patients after minoxidil microinfusion to treat female pattern alopecia: analysis of a randomized, single blinded, placebo controlled clinical trial

April 2025 in “Research Square (Research Square)”

Minoxidil microinfusion lowered diastolic blood pressure in patients.