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research Distinctive T Cell Patterns Defining Lymphocytic Alopecia and Alternate Autoimmune and Stem Cell Pathways, Linked to Pleiotropic Functions of Regulatory T Cells Within iSALT

June 2026 in “American Journal of Dermatopathology”

This document explores the complex T-cell-mediated mechanisms underlying various forms of alopecia, focusing on the roles of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and their integration into the JAK/STAT pathway. It identifies four main T-cell patterns associated with different types of alopecia, such as alopecia areata and lichen planopilaris, and introduces a previously unrecognized spectrum of non-destructive lymphocytic folliculitis. The study highlights the pivotal role of CD8+ and Treg memory cells in hair loss patterns and examines the relationship between stem cell niches and hair follicle regeneration. The findings contribute to a conceptual framework for understanding T-cell alopecias, emphasizing the pleiotropic functions of Tregs beyond immunology, including their impact on stem cell pathways and follicular cycles.

Comparative Spatial Transcriptomics of Hair Follicle-T Cell Interactions in Mouse, Dog, and Human Reveals Conserved Drivers of Primary Cicatricial Alopecia

research Comparative spatial transcriptomics of hair follicle-T cell interactions in mouse, dog and human reveals conserved drivers of primary cicatricial alopecia

January 2025 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)”

Potential therapeutic targets for scarring hair loss are identified.

Evaluation of Platelet-Rich Plasma on Hair Regrowth and Lesional T-Cell Cytokine Expression in Alopecia Areata: A Randomized Observer-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled, Split-Head Pilot Study

research Evaluation of platelet-rich plasma on hair regrowth and lesional T-cell cytokine expression in alopecia areata: A randomized observer-blinded, placebo-controlled, split-head pilot study

9 citations , December 2020 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology”

Platelet-rich plasma may help restore immune balance in bald patches, but its effectiveness in treating hair loss is limited.

Androgenetic Alopecia May Be Associated With Weaker COVID-19 T-Cell Immune Response: An Insight Into a Potential COVID-19 Vaccine Booster

research Androgenetic alopecia may be associated with weaker COVID-19 T-cell immune response: An insight into a potential COVID-19 vaccine booster

9 citations , November 2020 in “Medical Hypotheses”

Hair loss may link to weaker COVID-19 immunity, suggesting possible need for extra vaccine boost.

CD80CD86 Deficiency Disrupts Regulatory CD4+FoxP3+ T Cell Homeostasis and Induces Autoimmune-Like Alopecia

research CD80CD86 deficiency disrupts regulatory CD4+FoxP3+T cell homoeostasis and induces autoimmune-like alopecia

6 citations , April 2017 in “Experimental dermatology”

CD80CD86 deficiency causes hair loss by disrupting regulatory T cells.

research HLA‐B alleles associated with frontal fibrosing alopecia in Brazil may share similar peptide presentation and T‐cell interaction profiles

1 citations , February 2024 in “Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology”

Certain genetic factors may contribute to frontal fibrosing alopecia in Brazil.

research Dermal T cell immunity and key regulatory signaling pathways: Implications in immune-mediated alopecia and hair regeneration

1 citations , January 2025 in “Genes & Diseases”

Understanding T cells and signaling pathways can lead to better treatments for hair loss.

research T Cell Immunodeficiency, Congenital Alopecia, and Nail Dystrophy

January 2022

A rare genetic mutation causes severe immune issues, hair loss, and nail problems.

research Immunohistochemical analysis of T-cell subsets in the inflammatory infiltrates of alopecia areata and its comparison with androgenetic alopecia

April 2020 in “International Journal of Dermatology”

T-cell patterns in skin help distinguish alopecia areata from androgenetic alopecia.

Alopecia Areata But Not Androgenetic Alopecia Is Characterized By A Restricted And Oligoclonal T-Cell Receptor-Repertoire Among Infiltrating Lymphocytes

research Alopecia areata but not androgenetic alopecia is characterized by a restricted and oligoclonal T-cell receptor-repertoire among infiltrating lymphocytes

19 citations , March 1997 in “Journal of Cutaneous Pathology”

Alopecia areata involves specific T-cells, unlike androgenetic alopecia.

research High-throughput T cell receptor sequencing identifies clonally expanded CD8+ T cell populations in alopecia areata

46 citations , October 2018 in “JCI insight”

CD8+ T cells are involved in alopecia areata and may cause disease relapse.

research Single-cell analysis of temporal immune cell dynamics in alopecia areata reveals a causal role for clonally expanded CD8+ T cells in disease

4 citations , June 2025 in “Cell Reports”

Clonally expanded CD8+ T cells cause alopecia areata.

research Inhibition of T-cell activity in alopecia areata: recent developments and new directions

4 citations , November 2023 in “Frontiers in immunology”

New treatments targeting T-cell pathways are needed for better alopecia areata management.

Impaired Responses of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells to T-Cell Stimulants in Alopecia Areata Patients with a Poor Response to Topical Immunotherapy

research Impaired responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to T-cell stimulants in alopecia areata patients with a poor response to topical immunotherapy

4 citations , July 2008 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement”

Poor response to topical immunotherapy in alopecia areata patients is linked to impaired cell responses.

research High throughput T cell receptor sequencing identifies clonally expanded CD8+ T cell populations in Alopecia Areata

1 citations , November 2018 in “immuneACCESS”

Expanded CD8+ T cells are linked to Alopecia Areata and may cause relapse after treatment.

research The potential of regulatory T cell-based therapies for alopecia areata

May 2023 in “Frontiers in Immunology”

Treg cell-based therapies might help treat hair loss from alopecia areata, but more research is needed to confirm safety and effectiveness.

Expression of Programmed Cell Death 1 Inversely Correlated With the Density of CD8+ T Cells Infiltrating Hair Follicles in Alopecia Areata

research 1373 Expression of programmed cell death 1 inversely correlated with the density of CD8+ T cells infiltrating hair follicles in alopecia areata

April 2023 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Higher PD-1 levels are linked to fewer immune cells in hair follicles in alopecia areata.

research ISID1373 - Expression of programmed cell death 1 inversely correlated with the density of CD8+ T cells infiltrating hair follicles in alopecia areata

April 2023

Higher PD-1 levels mean fewer CD8+ T cells in alopecia areata hair follicles.

MicroRNA-1246 Inhibits NFATc1 Phosphorylation and Regulates T Helper 17 Cell Activation in the Pathogenesis of Severe Alopecia Areata

research MicroRNA-1246 Inhibits NFATc1 Phosphorylation and Regulates T Helper 17 Cell Activation in the Pathogenesis of Severe Alopecia Areata

January 2023 in “Annals of dermatology/Annals of Dermatology”

A substance called miR-1246 may help treat severe hair loss by reducing certain immune cell activities.

research Alopecia Universalis Associated with Cutaneous T Cell Lymphoma

15 citations , January 2014 in “Dermatology”

Some patients with a type of skin lymphoma can experience a rare, non-scarring hair loss that looks like another hair loss condition but has distinct features.

Resident T Cell Activation Leads to Human Hair Follicle Immune Privilege Loss Ex Vivo, Which Is Prevented by the DHODH Inhibitor Farudodstat: Relevance for Alopecia Areata

research Resident T cell activation leads to human hair follicle immune privilege loss ex vivo, which is prevented by the DHODH inhibitor farudodstat: relevance for alopecia areata

April 2026 in “Frontiers in Medicine”

Farudodstat may help prevent hair loss in alopecia areata by stopping immune attacks on hair follicles.

research Skin γδ T cell subsets have distinct functions in alopecia areata 3844

November 2025 in “The Journal of Immunology”

Different γδ T cell types have unique roles in causing alopecia areata.

research Alopecia areata as a model for T cell‐dependent autoimmune diseases

28 citations , May 2012 in “Experimental Dermatology”

Alopecia areata helps study T cell-driven autoimmune diseases.

research 057 Single cell RNA and TCR sequencing reveals hyperexpansion of T cell clones and novel regulatory mechanisms of CD8+ T cells in murine alopcecia areata skin and draining lymph nodes

July 2024 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

CD8+ T cells expand significantly in alopecia areata, suggesting new treatment targets.

research Effective Role of Cytotoxic CD8+ T Cell in Iraqi Alopecia areata Patients

2 citations , June 2024 in “Medical Journal of Babylon”

Higher CD8+ T cell levels are linked to Alopecia areata in Iraqi patients.

research Attending persistent T cell activation in alopecia areata : A therapeutic option

January 2011 in “Repository KITopen (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology)”

Blocking certain proteins on immune cells may help treat alopecia areata.

research Alopecia areata possibly induced by autoimmune reaction in a patient with human T‐cell lymphotropic virus‐1‐associated myelopathy

6 citations , May 2013 in “The Journal of Dermatology”

Autoimmune reactions may cause both alopecia areata and HAM.

research Generation of autoreactive CD8 T cell in a mouse model of alopecia areata

May 2023 in “The Journal of Immunology”

Alopecia areata involves unique activation of certain immune cells.

Resident T Cell Activation Leads to Human Hair Follicle Immune Privilege Loss Ex Vivo, Prevented by DHODH Inhibitor Farudodstat: Relevance for Alopecia Areata

research Image 1_Resident T cell activation leads to human hair follicle immune privilege loss ex vivo, which is prevented by the DHODH inhibitor farudodstat: relevance for alopecia areata.pdf

April 2026 in “Figshare”

Farudodstat can prevent hair follicle immune damage linked to alopecia areata.

research CXCR3 Blockade Inhibits T Cell Migration into the Skin and Prevents Development of Alopecia Areata

64 citations , July 2016 in “Journal of Immunology”

Blocking the CXCR3 receptor reduces T cell accumulation in the skin and prevents hair loss in mice.