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GlossaryTacrolimus

immunosuppressive drug used to treat eczema and prevent organ rejection

Tacrolimus is an immunosuppressive medication commonly used to prevent organ transplant rejection and to treat certain skin conditions like eczema and psoriasis. It works by inhibiting the activity of T-cells, which are part of the immune system, thereby reducing inflammation and immune responses. In dermatology, it is often available as a topical ointment under the brand name Protopic.

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research Polymeric Micelle Nanocarriers for the Cutaneous Delivery of Tacrolimus: A Targeted Approach for the Treatment of Psoriasis

159 citations , July 2014 in “Molecular pharmaceutics”

New micelle nanocarriers deliver Tacrolimus more effectively to skin layers for psoriasis treatment than the current Protopic ointment.

Pharmacological Mobilization of Endogenous Stem Cells Significantly Promotes Skin Regeneration After Full-Thickness Excision: The Synergistic Activity of AMD3100 and Tacrolimus

research Pharmacological Mobilization of Endogenous Stem Cells Significantly Promotes Skin Regeneration after Full-Thickness Excision: The Synergistic Activity of AMD3100 and Tacrolimus

49 citations , March 2014 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Using the drugs AMD3100 and Tacrolimus together greatly improves skin healing and hair growth after a deep skin cut by increasing stem cells in the wound.

Randomized Comparison of Topical Betamethasone Valerate Foam, Intralesional Triamcinolone Acetonide, and Tacrolimus Ointment in Management of Localized Alopecia Areata

research Randomized comparison of topical betamethasone valerate foam, intralesional triamcinolone acetonide and tacrolimus ointment in management of localized alopecia areata

48 citations , January 2011 in “International journal of trichology”

Intralesional triamcinolone acetonide is the most effective treatment for localized alopecia areata.

research New-onset Majocchi’s granuloma in two kidney transplant recipients under tacrolimus treatment

45 citations , March 1998 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology”

Majocchi's granuloma can occur in kidney transplant patients on tacrolimus and can be treated with antifungal medication.

research Tacrolimus in Dermatologic Disorders

33 citations , May 2001 in “Annals of pharmacotherapy/The annals of pharmacotherapy”

Topical tacrolimus is safe and effective for skin conditions, but oral tacrolimus has serious side effects.

research Improvement of Satoyoshi syndrome with tacrolimus and corticosteroids

20 citations , June 2003 in “Neurology”

Tacrolimus and corticosteroids can improve symptoms of Satoyoshi syndrome.

research ALOPECIA AS A CONSEQUENCE OF TACROLIMUS THERAPY IN RENAL TRANSPLANTATION?

17 citations , December 1997 in “Transplantation”

Tacrolimus can cause hair loss in kidney transplant patients.

research Erosive pustular dermatosis of the scalp successfully treated with oral prednisone and topical tacrolimus

16 citations , October 2013 in “Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia”

Scalp condition healed with prednisone and tacrolimus.

Diphencyprone and Topical Tacrolimus as Two Topical Immunotherapeutic Modalities: Are They Effective in the Treatment of Alopecia Areata Among Egyptian Patients? A Study Using CD4, CD8, and MHC II as Markers

research Diphencyprone and topical tacrolimus as two topical immunotherapeutic modalities. Are they effective in the treatment of alopecia areata among Egyptian patients? A study using CD4, CD8 and MHC II as markers

13 citations , June 2010 in “Journal of dermatological treatment”

Diphencyprone is effective for treating patchy hair loss in alopecia areata, but tacrolimus is not.

Oral Isotretinoin Combined with Topical Clobetasol 0.05% and Tacrolimus 0.1% for the Treatment of Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia: A Randomized Controlled Trial

research Oral isotretinoin combined with topical clobetasol 0.05% and tacrolimus 0.1% for the treatment of frontal fibrosing alopecia: a randomized controlled trial

11 citations , April 2020 in “Journal of Dermatological Treatment”

Taking oral isotretinoin with creams worked better for treating a type of hair loss than creams alone.

research Successful hair regrowth in an acute diffuse form of alopecia areata during oral tacrolimus treatment in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis

8 citations , August 2016 in “Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology”

Oral tacrolimus helped a rheumatoid arthritis patient regrow hair lost due to alopecia areata.

research Acne keloidalis nuchae in renal transplant patients receiving tacrolimus and sirolimus

6 citations , April 2016 in “Australasian journal of dermatology”

Renal transplant patients on tacrolimus and sirolimus may develop acne keloidalis nuchae.

research Topical tacrolimus suppresses the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and insulin-like growth factor-1 in late anagen

6 citations , June 2009 in “Clinical and Experimental Dermatology”

Topical tacrolimus reduces certain growth factors in hair follicles.

research COMPARISON OF EFFECTIVENESS OF TOPICAL TACROLIMUS AND BETAMETHASONE WITH SOFT PARAFFIN IN THE TREATMENT OF PATCHY ALOPECIA AREATA

5 citations , January 2009

Betamethasone is more effective than Tacrolimus and soft paraffin for hair regrowth in patchy alopecia areata.

research P4 Outcome following switch between brand name and generic tacrolimus in paediatric population

3 citations , January 2018 in “Archives of Disease in Childhood”

Switching to generic tacrolimus was safe, effective, and saved money.

research Alopecia in Patients with Autoimmune Hepatitis Treated by Tacrolimus Therapy

2 citations , May 2024 in “The Turkish Journal of Gastroenterology”

Tacrolimus treatment for autoimmune hepatitis can cause hair loss.

research Excimer Light versus Combination of Tacrolimus and Excimer Light in the Treatment of Alopecia Areata

1 citations , January 2024 in “Dermatologic Therapy”

Combining tacrolimus with excimer light is more effective for treating alopecia areata than using excimer light alone.

Comparative Evaluation of the Efficacy of Topical Tacrolimus 0.03% and Topical Calcipotriol 0.005% Mixed With Betamethasone Dipropionate Versus Topical Clobetasol 0.05% in Treatment of Alopecia Areata: A Clinical and Trichoscopic Study

research Comparative evaluation of the efficacy of topical tacrolimus 0.03% and topical calcipotriol 0.005% mixed with betamethasone dipropionate versus topical clobetasol 0.05% in treatment of alopecia areata: A clinical and trichoscopic study

1 citations , December 2022 in “Journal of cosmetic dermatology”

The combination of vitamin D analogues with potent steroids is a favorable treatment for alopecia areata with fewer side effects.

research Treatment of corticosteroid-refractory alopecia totalis with oral tacrolimus

1 citations , November 2016 in “Journal of dermatological treatment”

Oral tacrolimus may be a potential treatment for hair loss that doesn't respond to corticosteroids.

research [Effect of tacrolimus on the growth cycle of murine hair follicles].

1 citations , April 2007 in “PubMed”

Tacrolimus helps mice grow hair by activating hair follicles.

research Fractionated CO2 Laser in Combination with Topical Tacrolimus for Chronic Alopecia Areata: A Case Series Study

1 citations , September 2024 in “Life”

Combining fractionated CO2 laser with tacrolimus may help treat chronic alopecia areata.

research Combination Therapy with 308-nm Excimer Laser, Compound Glycyrrhizin, and Tacrolimus for Pediatric Facial and Cervical Vitiligo

March 2026 in “Clinical Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology”

The combination therapy is safe and more effective for treating pediatric facial and cervical vitiligo.

research Topical Tacrolimus, Clobetasol, and Minoxidil (TCM) for Primary Cicatricial Alopecias: A Retrospective Analysis of Clinical Outcomes and Safety

August 2025 in “Skin Appendage Disorders”

TCM is an effective and safe treatment for primary cicatricial alopecias.

Comparative Efficacy of Topical Clobetasol Propionate 0.05% Ointment and Topical Tacrolimus 0.1% Ointment in the Treatment of Alopecia Areata

research COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF TOPICAL CLOBETASOL PROPIONATE 0.05% OINTMENT AND TOPICAL TACROLIMUS 0.1% OINTMENT IN THE TREATMENT OF ALOPECIA AREATA

July 2025 in “Pakistan Journal of Intensive Care Medicine”

Clobetasol propionate 0.05% ointment is more effective than tacrolimus 0.1% ointment for treating alopecia areata.

research Comparison of Therapeutic Efficacy of Topical Tacrolimus 0.1% and Topical Dithranol 0.5% in Treatment of Alopecia Areata

May 2025 in “Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal”

Dithranol is more effective than Tacrolimus for hair regrowth in alopecia areata.

Comparison of Safety and Efficacy of Topical Mometasone 0.1% Ointment, Calcipotriol 0.005% Ointment, and Tacrolimus 0.1% Ointment in Patients with Localized Alopecia Areata: A Triple-Arm Randomized Clinical Study

research Comparison of Safety and Efficacy of Topical Mometasone 0.1% Ointment, Calcipotriol 0.005% Ointment, and Tacrolimus 0.1% Ointment in Patients with Localized Alopecia Areata: A Triple-Arm Randomized Clinical Study

February 2025 in “Indian Dermatology Online Journal”

Calcipotriol is the safest and most effective for hair regrowth in localized alopecia areata.

Clinical and Dermoscopic Evaluation of the Safety and Efficacy of Oral Baricitinib (JAK Inhibitor) in Treatment of Localized Vitiligo Either Alone or with Topical Tacrolimus

research Clinical and Dermoscopic Evaluation of the Safety and Efficacy of Oral baricitinib (JAK Inhibitor) in Treatment of Localized Vitiligo Either Alone or with Topical Tacrolimus

January 2025 in “The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine”

Baricitinib is effective and safe for treating localized vitiligo, alone or with topical tacrolimus.

research Tacrolimus monitoring in hair samples of kidney transplant recipients

December 2023 in “Frontiers in Medicine”

Hair samples can reliably monitor tacrolimus levels in kidney transplant patients.

research Comparative Efficacy of Topical Tacrolimus 0.1% and Clobetasol Propionate 0.05% in the Treatment of Alopecia Areata (AA)

November 2023 in “Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences”

Clobetasol propionate 0.05% is more effective for hair re-growth in alopecia areata than tacrolimus 0.1%.

research Tacrolimus in Solution as an Option to Inflammatory Conditions of the Scalp

April 2023 in “Dermatology practical & conceptual”

Tacrolimus solution is effective and well-tolerated for treating inflammatory scalp conditions.