45 citations
,
March 2015 in “Clinical Endocrinology” Testosterone therapy is generally safe for transmen, improves sexual function, and has manageable health risks with proper monitoring.
19 citations
,
June 2021 in “The world journal of men's health” Using anabolic-androgenic steroids can harm men's reproductive health and increase the risk of heart problems and death.
May 2023 in “IntechOpen eBooks” More research is needed to understand how testosterone is maintained in adult males.
April 2009 in “Journal of Pain” Finasteride reduces pain in male rats and works better with testosterone.
October 2024 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Leydig cell tumors can cause high testosterone and symptoms like hair loss in postmenopausal women, but surgery can improve these symptoms.
January 2025 in “Haematology International Journal” These ovarian conditions cause high testosterone levels.
1 citations
,
December 1998 in “PubMed” Surgery on a 68-year-old woman with an ovarian tumor led to reduced hirsutism and normal testosterone levels.
3 citations
,
February 2024 in “Wound Repair and Regeneration” Keloids on the penis are rare, often triggered by circumcision, and rarely recur after surgery.
1 citations
,
April 2009 in “Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews” Finasteride effectively reduces symptoms of male chronic pelvic pain syndrome with few side effects.
10 citations
,
January 1997 in “The journal of sex research/The Journal of sex research” Testosterone replacement therapy significantly improved sexual interest and function in HIV+ men.
26 citations
,
October 2014 in “Andrologia” Infertile men are more likely to produce sperm with abnormal chromosome numbers, which can affect pregnancy success and embryo health.
6 citations
,
March 2005 in “The Journal of Urology”
23 citations
,
September 2021 in “Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology” Testosterone's effects on COVID-19 are unclear and need more research.
November 2017 in “International journal of family & community medicine” A man's low testosterone and related symptoms improved after he stopped taking hair loss drugs.
April 2026 in “BMJ Case Reports” Leydig cell tumors can cause high testosterone in women and are treated by removing the ovaries.
39 citations
,
November 2021 in “Clinical Endocrinology” Testosterone replacement is recommended for men with low testosterone levels and symptoms of hypogonadism.
60 citations
,
July 2018 in “Circulation” Low testosterone can cause a heart rhythm problem in men, but fixing it can prevent the issue.
1 citations
,
January 2010 in “Endocrine abstracts”
July 2011 in “مجله علمی پزوهشی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایلام” Testosterone reduces, while finasteride enhances, morphine's pain relief.
July 2024 in “Indian Dermatology Online Journal” A benign tumor on the cheek, called trichoadenoma, should be surgically removed for cosmetic reasons.
1 citations
,
November 2023 in “American journal of clinical pathology” Transgender men on testosterone therapy need ongoing gynecologic care due to potential cancer risks.
10 citations
,
October 2012 in “Andrology” Prostate cancer can progress even with low testosterone due to internal hormone production in the tumor.
17 citations
,
August 2019 in “Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases” Low testosterone in men is a risk factor for a specific heart rhythm issue, and testosterone treatment may help prevent it.
29 citations
,
October 2020 in “eLife” Higher testosterone levels can increase the risk of certain diseases like type 2 diabetes in women and prostate cancer in men, but can also protect against autoimmune diseases and hair loss. It also affects body fat and bone density.
May 2025 in “Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies” Thorough evaluation is crucial for postmenopausal women with virilization to detect rare ovarian tumors.
162 citations
,
April 2016 in “The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology” Testosterone therapy in transgender men has both desired effects like increased muscle mass and potential health risks such as higher cardiovascular risk.
January 2013 in “Journal of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus” Cushing syndrome often causes low testosterone and sexual issues in men.
October 2024 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A rare ovarian tumor caused high testosterone in a postmenopausal woman, resolved by surgery.
4 citations
,
January 2015 in “Case reports in urology” An 8-year-old boy recovered from a rare case of penile tourniquet syndrome after hair removal surgery.
April 2020 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Male pattern baldness may indicate arterial stiffness in transgender men on long-term testosterone therapy.