July 2023 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Gender-affirming hormone therapy improves physical performance in trans men to the level of cisgender men, while in trans women, it increases fat mass and decreases muscle mass, with no advantage in physical performance after 2 years.
2 citations
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September 2007 in “International Journal of Impotence Research” Local testosterone treatment improved sexual desire in a female with fragile X syndrome.
June 2025 in “CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians” Transgender men need personalized cancer care and continued testosterone therapy for well-being.
A 22-year-old woman with a rare genetic condition was successfully treated to develop normal female characteristics and regular menstruation.
January 2011 in “Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism/Journal of pediatric endocrinology and metabolism” Hyperthyroidism can hide signs of high androgen levels in females.
1 citations
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September 2023 in “AACE clinical case reports” Testosterone pellets might work for transgender men's hormone therapy, but more research is needed.
6 citations
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June 2006 in “International Journal of Gynecological Pathology” A postmenopausal woman's hormone imbalance and symptoms improved after removing benign ovarian tumors.
3 citations
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February 2017 in “Archives of Medical Science” Finasteride treatment changes Cx43 in rat testes, possibly causing fertility issues.
August 2017 in “Journal of pediatric surgery case reports” A toddler with a rare adrenal gland tumor causing male-like physical changes was successfully treated with surgery.
1 citations
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January 2022 in “Transgender health” Hormone therapy in transgender individuals can increase acne and affect hair growth and loss.
April 2019 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Mosaic Klinefelter syndrome can affect male fertility and may be missed in routine tests.
15 citations
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March 2015 in “PloS one” Scientists restored fertility in male mice lacking a key fertility gene by using a modified gene.
309 citations
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June 2001 in “Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology” Mutations in the androgen receptor gene cause androgen insensitivity, leading to female traits in genetically male individuals.
6 citations
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January 2010 in “Case Reports” A woman with high testosterone and an adrenal nodule had an ovarian tumor causing her symptoms, which improved after the tumor was removed.
10 citations
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January 2019 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Testosterone increases hair growth and acne in transgender men.
October 2024 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Surgical removal of a rare ovarian tumor improved symptoms and hormone levels in a postmenopausal woman.
1 citations
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October 2025 in “EBioMedicine” January 2016 in “Dermatology Online Journal” Hormonal therapy changes skin and hair in transgender patients, who need better researched dermatologic care.
1 citations
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November 2013 Men with low testosterone or breast growth should be checked for Cushing syndrome.
3 citations
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February 2025 in “Endocrine” Confirm testosterone levels with advanced tests to avoid unnecessary procedures.
5 citations
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October 2013 in “Endocrine” Blood tests can detect ovarian Leydig cell tumors when scans don't, and surgery can confirm and treat these tumors.
7 citations
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April 2000 in “Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine” 5 citations
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September 2022 in “Facial Plastic Surgery & Aesthetic Medicine” Facial feminization surgery helps make facial features more feminine, improving patient satisfaction and safety.
September 2012 in “African Journal of Urology” Testosterone replacement therapy improves libido, mood, muscle strength, and bone density in men with Testosterone Deficiency Syndrome.
21 citations
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April 1995 in “Mayo Clinic Proceedings” Leydig cells can cause testosterone-secreting adrenal tumors in women.
2 citations
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January 2020 in “Elsevier eBooks” The document concludes that individualized Facial Feminization Surgery plans and comprehensive care are crucial for successful outcomes.
22 citations
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February 2014 in “Arquivos Brasileiros De Endocrinologia E Metabologia” An 81-year-old woman's severe male hormone symptoms were caused by an ovarian tumor, which was treated with surgery.
October 2025 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Leydig cell tumors in the ovary can cause high testosterone and male traits in postmenopausal women but are treatable with surgery.
September 2024 in “Brazilian Journal of Case Reports” Clomiphene testing can help find ovarian causes of high testosterone in postmenopausal women.
October 2025 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Early physical exams are crucial for timely Klinefelter syndrome diagnosis.