202 citations
,
January 1989 in “Journal of Clinical Investigation” Insulin changes sex hormone levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome without affecting other hormone releases.
23 citations
,
June 2019 in “Bioanalysis” Monitoring steroid hormones in blood can better detect testosterone doping.
14 citations
,
June 2015 in “Toxicology and Industrial Health” Low doses of BPA can increase prostate growth and change hormone levels in adult rats.
8 citations
,
August 2021 in “Aging” Berberine may reduce prostate enlargement by blocking inflammation.
November 2025 in “Food Science & Nutrition” Apigenin may effectively promote hair growth for androgenetic alopecia when applied topically.
176 citations
,
August 2000 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” Hormone treatments in transsexual individuals reduce hair growth and oil production in male-to-females and increase them in female-to-males.
September 2024 in “Brazilian Journal of Case Reports” Clomiphene testing can help find ovarian causes of high testosterone in postmenopausal women.
March 2024 in “The journal of sexual medicine” Finasteride's negative effects on brain tissue in male rats may be reversible after stopping the drug.
December 2023 in “Advances in basic medical sciences.” Metformin improved menstrual cycles and cholesterol but didn't change weight or hormone levels in the short term for overweight PCOS women.
90 citations
,
May 2019 in “Drugs” Long-term use of azole antifungals can cause hair loss, hormonal imbalances, and severe skin reactions.
Finasteride and testosterone are the drugs most linked to male infertility, but many other potential drugs may be under-reported.
Finasteride may improve prostate cancer therapy by enhancing testosterone's benefits and reducing risks.
Some drugs can reduce male semen quality.
8 citations
,
July 2017 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” DHT affects testicular development and regulates spermatogenesis in some fish.
1 citations
,
May 2024 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Clomiphene Citrate can quickly restore fertility in some men after long-term steroid abuse.
November 2023 in “Brain Sciences” Some medications might contribute to male infertility, with finasteride showing a high number of reports.
August 2013 in “Fertility and Sterility” High levels of fatty acids are linked to increased androgen production and inflammation in women with PCOS, which may affect IVF outcomes.
January 2010 in “West China Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences” Pterocarpus indcus Willd extracts taken orally can reduce hair loss in rats.
5 citations
,
January 2020 in “in Vivo” Testosterone changes important cell communication proteins in pregnant rats' uteruses, which might affect pregnancy success.
10 citations
,
December 2019 in “in Vivo” Testosterone makes the connections in the uterus lining simpler and lowers certain protein levels, which might lead to infertility.
4 citations
,
May 2019 in “Biology open” Testosterone reduces heart damage and inflammation after injury.
5 citations
,
December 2021 in “Pediatric investigation” Testosterone undecanoate safely and effectively increased penis size in male children with 5-alpha-reductase deficiency.
July 2023 in “Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology” Terminalia bellirica extract may help promote hair growth and prevent hair loss caused by testosterone.
103 citations
,
June 2006 in “British journal of sports medicine” The document concludes that better biomarkers are needed to detect long-term oral testosterone use in athletes.
16 citations
,
June 2022 in “Transgender Health” Oocyte retrieval is possible for transgender men on testosterone therapy without affecting fertility outcomes.
11 citations
,
December 2010 in “The Journal of Urology” Taking oral testosterone with or without dutasteride increases testosterone levels and could be an effective treatment for low testosterone.
January 2005 in “Journal of Investigative Medicine” Testosterone boosts physical performance, grip strength, and lean body mass in older men with low testosterone.
17 citations
,
April 2009 in “Andrologia” A boy's early puberty caused by a testicular tumor returned to normal after surgery.
14 citations
,
December 1998 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” MENT could be a better option than testosterone for male hormone therapy and birth control because it works well at lower doses and has fewer side effects on the prostate.
10 citations
,
January 2019 in “Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism” Testosterone therapy may slightly increase sexual desire in women with HSDD but lacks broad recommendation due to safety concerns and limited approval.