23 citations
,
September 2021 in “Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology” Testosterone's effects on COVID-19 are unclear and need more research.
23 citations
,
March 2014 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” Testosterone reduces knee flexibility by affecting relaxin receptors.
18 citations
,
June 2016 in “PeerJ” Testosterone increases certain kidney protein levels, potentially raising blood pressure.
9 citations
,
April 2021 in “Climacteric” Testosterone therapy is effective and safe for women with low sexual desire, but it's hard to access.
8 citations
,
December 2022 in “International journal of molecular sciences” Mice without the enzyme HSD17B3 still produce normal testosterone, suggesting they have different ways to make it compared to humans.
7 citations
,
October 2024 in “Livers” Sex hormones affect liver fat and metabolic health differently in men and women.
4 citations
,
August 2024 in “PLoS ONE” Both injectable contraceptives lower testosterone and SHBG levels, with NET-EN having a greater effect than DMPA-IM.
2 citations
,
September 2020 Long-term high testosterone levels can improve bone density and reduce body fat but may increase the risk of prostate cancer and high blood pressure.
2 citations
,
November 2019 in “Case reports in women's health” Ovarian vein sampling helped diagnose rare ovarian tumors causing high testosterone, and surgery to remove the tumors lowered the testosterone levels.
1 citations
,
January 2013 in “Advanced Biomedical Research” Men with more severe hair loss had a lower risk of schizophrenia, but hair loss and testosterone levels were not linked.
1 citations
,
December 2021 in “Androgens” Testosterone and its metabolites affect brain functions and could help treat neurological disorders.
Testosterone's health effects are complex and not definitively understood.
December 2023 in “International journal of molecular sciences” Chromosomal differences affect how muscle cells respond to testosterone.
May 2023 in “IntechOpen eBooks” More research is needed to understand how testosterone is maintained in adult males.
Increased free testosterone can lead to stronger bones and less body fat but also higher risks of prostate cancer, hair loss, spine issues, and high blood pressure.
December 2024 in “Frontiers in Neurology” Testosterone with finasteride improved muscle and bone health in men with spinal cord injury.
9 citations
,
August 2021 in “Biomedicines” 17β-estradiol boosts APE1/Ref-1 secretion in cells and mice via a calcium-dependent pathway.
5 citations
,
May 2019 in “Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia” Finger length ratios might predict risk for skin condition in males.
37 citations
,
January 2009 in “Sexual Development” Fadrozole and Finasteride change frog sex ratios and cause intersex animals with altered gene expressions.
November 2023 in “International Journal of Women's Dermatology” Hormone replacement therapy may improve hair growth in the frontal hairline of postmenopausal women with hair loss.
April 2024 in “JCEM case reports” A woman's rare benign tumor that released both cortisol and testosterone was successfully removed, improving her health.
11 citations
,
October 2020 in “General and comparative endocrinology” Male C57BL/6 mice show age-related fluctuations in certain hormones and their ratios in both blood and hair.
4 citations
,
August 2010 in “Acta Biologica Hungarica” New steroidal compounds moderately block an enzyme related to testosterone conversion, less effectively than finasteride.
2 citations
,
June 2011 in “Expert Review of Dermatology” Female pattern hair loss involves thinning hair on crown and frontal scalp, diagnosed by hair ratio, and treated with minoxidil, antiandrogens, or hair transplantation.
July 2025 in “Archives of Sexual Behavior” Men's facial appearance shows age, body fat, and testosterone levels, not metabolic health.
August 2023 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” Exosomes from hair papilla cells and the Chinese medicine Liao Tuo Fang can potentially promote hair growth and could be used to develop hair growth drugs.
January 2025 in “Case Reports in Endocrinology” Accurate diagnosis of rare hyperandrogenism conditions requires detailed testing and sometimes invasive procedures.
50 citations
,
February 2013 in “Annals of Clinical Biochemistry” Understanding how DHT works is important for diagnosing and treating hormone-related disorders.
31 citations
,
September 2020 in “Clinical endocrinology” Some antiandrogens may lower testosterone better than others, but it's unclear which is best for feminization in transgender women; more research is needed.
14 citations
,
January 2008 in “Dermatology Online Journal” Hormonal therapies like cyproterone acetate and spironolactone may help some women with hair loss, but finasteride 1mg is not useful, and the effectiveness of other treatments is still unclear.