90 citations
,
December 2007 in “Current Oncology” Non-hormonal treatments should be used first for sexual dysfunction in postmenopausal breast cancer patients on aromatase inhibitors, with hormones as a second option.
January 2024 in “Biology of sex differences” Dihydrotestosterone makes arteries stiffer in female mice by reducing estrogen receptor expression.
19 citations
,
November 2021 in “Reviews in endocrine and metabolic disorders” Sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone may affect COVID-19 severity differently in men and women, potentially influencing prevention and treatment strategies.
February 2024 in “Biomedicines” Hormones like androgens, estrogen, thyroid hormones, and stress hormones can contribute to hair loss, and treatments target these hormonal imbalances.
658 citations
,
June 2003 in “Endocrine reviews” Male hormones may play a role in the development of heart disease, and more research is needed to understand their effects.
2 citations
,
November 2017 in “Elsevier eBooks” Different substances that activate or block the androgen receptor can affect male development and treat conditions like prostate cancer.
59 citations
,
August 2004 in “Human Reproduction Update” Testosterone replacement can help women with low libido and mood, but they need to have enough estrogen first to avoid side effects.
April 2018 in “Gynäkologische Endokrinologie” Testosterone in older women can increase bone density, muscle mass, fat mass, improve memory, and boost libido, but may cause nipple color changes.
54 citations
,
March 2012 in “International Journal of Andrology” Prenatal pesticide exposure may cause earlier breast development in girls.
4 citations
,
January 2015 in “Endocrinology & metabolic syndrome” Testosterone can cause acne and male-pattern baldness, affects hair growth in men and women, and makes male skin more sensitive.
3 citations
,
March 2019 in “Post Reproductive Health” Testosterone replacement can help menopausal women with various symptoms, but should be used carefully and is not yet officially licensed in the UK for women.
255 citations
,
October 1985 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Spironolactone treatment increases the amount of testosterone available in the body.
26 citations
,
December 2020 in “Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine” Testosterone and DHEA can benefit women's health but must be prescribed carefully due to potential risks.
March 2024 in “Journal of Applied and Natural Science” Mentha spicata leaves lower testosterone and aggression in female rats.
6 citations
,
September 2012 in “Clinical Interventions in Aging” Honokiol might help reduce male skin aging by maintaining testosterone levels.
81 citations
,
May 2007 in “Fertility and Sterility” Testosterone therapy seems safe for postmenopausal women for a few years, but more research is needed for long-term effects.
71 citations
,
August 2019 in “The journal of sexual medicine” Testosterone treatment effectively causes male physical development in transgender male adolescents but may lead to side effects like acne, higher BMI and blood pressure, lower good cholesterol, and decreased bone density.
12 citations
,
March 2017 in “Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology Canada” Testosterone therapy can modestly improve sexual function in menopausal women but should be used cautiously and is not recommended for routine measurement in sexual dysfunction or hirsutism.
April 2026 in “Al-Kufa University Journal for Biology” Finasteride lowers cortisol and raises testosterone levels in rats.
47 citations
,
January 2001 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” High testosterone to epitestosterone ratio in hair could predict male-pattern baldness.
8 citations
,
April 2019 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Postmenopausal women with hyperandrogenism didn't have better metabolic health even after their testosterone levels became normal.
56 citations
,
October 1983 in “Archives of Dermatology” Some women with acne have higher levels of free testosterone, which might suggest using hormonal treatments for acne.
10 citations
,
April 2006 in “Seminars in Reproductive Medicine” Testosterone therapy may improve mood, well-being, and sexual function in premenopausal women, but more research is needed on its long-term safety and effectiveness.
110 citations
,
October 2013 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Testosterone treatment in trans men increases body and facial hair and may lead to hair loss over time, but severe skin issues are rare.
11 citations
,
August 2020 in “Diabetes” Testosterone helps human pancreatic cells increase insulin release.
Testosterone therapy can safely and effectively treat symptoms like low libido and fatigue in women, especially after menopause.
187 citations
,
December 2005 in “Experimental Dermatology” Estrogens can improve skin aging but carry risks; more research is needed on safer treatments.
25 citations
,
August 2006 in “Human Reproduction” Oral contraceptives lower testosterone levels in women, especially those with certain genetic traits, and may be linked to increased breast cancer risk.
March 2026 in “Seven Editora eBooks” Testosterone creams and gels can be effective but have serious risks and should be used only with medical supervision.
162 citations
,
April 2016 in “The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology” Testosterone therapy in transgender men has both desired effects like increased muscle mass and potential health risks such as higher cardiovascular risk.