November 2025 in “Frontiers in Immunology” Stem cell activity influences autoimmune disease outcomes by affecting immune responses and tissue regeneration.
14 citations
,
June 2017 in “Immunity” Special immune cells called Treg cells are important for maintaining and regenerating hair by activating a specific growth signal in hair stem cells.
98 citations
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December 2003 in “The FASEB Journal” Thymosin β4 promotes hair growth by activating stem cells in hair follicles.
May 2022 in “The journal of immunology/The Journal of immunology” FOXN1 is crucial for thymus development and immune response in Xenopus laevis.
140 citations
,
March 2013 in “The journal of immunology/The Journal of immunology” Memory regulatory T cells need IL-7, not IL-2, to stay in peripheral tissues.
April 2018 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Aging reduces skin cell renewal and defense against germs due to TGFbeta, but blocking TGFbeta could help restore these functions.
January 2025 in “Annals of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery” Removing the thymoma improved the patient's alopecia areata, suggesting a possible link between the two.
4 citations
,
October 2022 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” Thy-1 protein helps improve blood flow and wound healing in the skin.
13 citations
,
January 2021 in “Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine” Thymosin β4 may boost hair growth by aiding stem cell movement and blood vessel formation.
76 citations
,
June 2018 in “EMBO Reports” YAP and TAZ proteins are necessary for the development of two types of skin cancer.
Thymosin β4 helps with healing, inflammation, and organ protection.
66 citations
,
December 2013 in “Nature Cell Biology” Inactive hair follicle stem cells help prevent skin cancer.
5 citations
,
June 2022 in “Frontiers in immunology” Increasing Treg cells in the skin does not cure hair loss from alopecia areata in mice.
8 citations
,
October 2016 in “Experimental dermatology” Hair follicles may help teach the immune system to tolerate new self-antigens, but this can sometimes cause hair loss.
245 citations
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October 2015 in “Nature medicine” Hair follicle-derived IL-7 and IL-15 are crucial for maintaining skin-resident memory T cells and could be targeted for treating skin diseases and lymphoma.
33 citations
,
September 2017 in “Journal of clinical immunology” New treatments for immune disorders caused by FOXN1 deficiency are promising.
9 citations
,
April 1993 in “Journal of the National Cancer Institute” Interleukin-2 treatment improved hair growth, sexual function, and reduced fungal infection in a patient with thymoma-related symptoms.
May 2023 in “Surgical Case Reports” A woman's hair loss improved after removing a tumor in her thymus gland, suggesting hair loss can be linked to such tumors even without a specific muscle weakness condition.
28 citations
,
January 2016 in “Vitamins and hormones” Thymosin β4 helps improve skin healing and reduce scarring.
6 citations
,
August 2022 in “Science immunology” Foxn1 gene regulation is crucial for thymus development but not for hair growth.
142 citations
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February 2016 in “Science” Foxc1 helps keep hair follicle stem cells inactive, preventing hair loss.
53 citations
,
September 2007 in “Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences” Thymosin beta 4 helps hair grow by boosting stem cell activity.
53 citations
,
August 2019 in “American journal of human genetics” FOXN1 gene variants cause low T cells and immune issues from birth.
October 2025 in “Science Advances” IFN-γ production by CD4 T cells is crucial for causing alopecia areata.
324 citations
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May 2002 in “Oncogene”
April 2023 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Changing YBX1 protein activity affects skin stem cell function and aging.
August 2017 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Activin increases skin tumor formation, skin Tregs help hair growth, lymph-node removal doesn't improve melanoma survival, cells can revert to stem cells in wound healing, and skin bacteria produce peptides that may treat infections.
1 citations
,
April 1936 in “Journal of Experimental Biology” Hanson's thymus extract sped up growth and development in mice over generations.
29 citations
,
June 1998 in “Developmental Biology” More melanoblasts in hair follicles mean better survival and proper hair pigmentation.
11 citations
,
August 2024 in “Nature Communications” Quiescent cells have increased mitochondrial activity and ECM gene expression, but reduced glycolysis.