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December 2022 in “Pharmaceutics” Finasteride-loaded microemulsions can effectively enhance skin delivery for treating hair loss.
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October 2020 in “European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics” Caffeine penetrates skin quickly through open hair follicles, but less through closed ones, with levels becoming equal after 22 hours.
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July 2015 in “European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics” Lipid nanoparticles can help deliver drugs through hair follicles but struggle to penetrate deeper skin layers.
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January 2007 Porcine skin is a good substitute for human skin in drug diffusion tests.
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December 2007 in “BJCP. British journal of clinical pharmacology/British journal of clinical pharmacology” Hair follicles significantly increase the speed and amount of caffeine absorbed through the skin.
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April 2021 in “International Journal of Pharmaceutics” Smaller mesoporous nanoparticles can improve the effectiveness of topical drugs by penetrating skin furrows.
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May 2019 in “Journal of pharmaceutical sciences” Diffusion in artificial sebum is mainly influenced by molecular size and is much faster than in skin lipids.
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October 2007 in “Cell Stem Cell” New research suggests that skin cell renewal may not require a special type of cell previously thought to be essential.
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November 2007 in “Skin Pharmacology and Physiology” Stretching skin improves retinyl ascorbate delivery.
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April 2019 in “ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces” A new method for delivering drugs through the skin using biodegradable particles was found to be effective.
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December 2019 in “PLoS ONE” The new delivery system improved raloxifene's skin absorption and effectiveness against cancer cells.
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January 1984 in “Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry” Keratinocytes grew and migrated into hair follicle areas but disappeared after 15-20 days.
July 2025 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Tissue-engineered skin substitutes can model junctional epidermolysis bullosa and may help develop gene therapy.
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April 2012 in “Journal of controlled release” New method uses hair follicles to deliver drugs deep into the skin.
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October 2016 in “European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics” The drug was successfully released into hair follicles using nanocarriers.
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June 2022 in “FARMACIA” Transethosomal gels improve naftifine skin delivery better than Exoderil cream.
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April 2012 in “Laser Physics Letters” Antiseptic particles penetrate deeper into hair follicles than non-antiseptic ones.
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July 2011 in “International journal of pharmaceutics” Ion-paired risedronate significantly increases skin penetration without irritation compared to risedronate alone.
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April 2011 in “European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics” Particles around 100 nm can penetrate and stay in hair follicles without passing through healthy skin, making them safe for use in topical products and useful for targeted drug delivery.
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January 2007 in “Skin Pharmacology and Physiology” Caffeine in shampoo quickly enters the body through hair follicles.
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February 1985 in “Archives of dermatological research” Hair dyes penetrate the scalp very minimally, less than 1%.
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June 2022 in “Frontiers in veterinary science” Improving how drugs are absorbed through the skin could better treat mange in wombats.