9 citations
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July 2023 in “Hypertension” Gender-affirming hormone therapy may increase heart disease risk in transgender individuals.
4 citations
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July 2021 in “Dermatology and therapy” Hormone therapy increases facial and body hair in transgender men, while hair removal improves well-being in transgender women, but cost is a barrier as insurance often doesn't cover it. Dermatologists can use various treatments for these hair issues.
4 citations
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November 2017 in “Hair transplant forum international” Hair transplants are effective for some women and many male-to-female transgender patients if done carefully by an experienced team.
1 citations
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July 2025 in “BMC Psychology” Social rejection can harm long-term mental health in transgender individuals.
1 citations
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November 2023 in “Medicina” Hormone therapy improves mental well-being in transgender individuals but requires ongoing health monitoring.
1 citations
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October 2023 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Testosterone treatment may affect heart response to stress in transgender men.
1 citations
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August 2022 in “Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research” New mouse models help study melanocytic cells for melanoma research.
1 citations
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January 2020 in “Elsevier eBooks” Hormone therapy is safe and effective for transgender adults, but requires regular monitoring and mental health support.
January 2026 in “Endocrinology”
September 2025 in “Journal of Medical Case Reports” Finasteride is safe and effective for hair loss in transgender men, but may affect testosterone therapy.
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204 citations
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October 1999 in “EMBO journal” Overexpression of activin A in mice skin causes skin thickening, fibrosis, and improved wound healing.
108 citations
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July 2002 in “Molecular and cellular biology” Overexpressing Dsg3 in mice skin causes excessive cell growth and abnormal skin development.
94 citations
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October 1994 in “The Journal of Cell Biology” Too much keratin 16 in mice skin causes abnormal skin thickening and structure.
92 citations
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July 2001 in “The FASEB Journal” Overexpressing the glucocorticoid receptor in mice leads to abnormal skin development and reduced inflammation.
49 citations
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August 2004 in “The FASEB Journal” Mice with human skin protein K8 had more skin problems and cancer.
28 citations
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May 2000 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences” The Walleye dermal sarcoma virus cyclin causes excessive skin cell growth in mice.
25 citations
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September 1995 in “Biochemistry and Cell Biology” High levels of human keratin 16 in mice cause skin lesions and abnormal skin development.
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May 2010 in “Drug Delivery” Retinoic acid and DMSO improve gene delivery to mouse skin for potential hair and skin disease treatment.
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66 citations
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October 2013 in “Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes and Obesity” The conclusion is that published guidelines are improving transgender medical care, but more research and education in transgender medicine are needed.
54 citations
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June 2018 in “Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry” The conclusion is that supportive environments are crucial for the mental health and well-being of transgender individuals during gender transition or de-transition.
35 citations
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April 1998 in “PubMed” Activated erbB-2 in mice skin causes severe skin and hair abnormalities.
31 citations
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September 2020 in “Clinical endocrinology” Some antiandrogens may lower testosterone better than others, but it's unclear which is best for feminization in transgender women; more research is needed.
22 citations
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May 2007 in “Molecular Biotechnology”
15 citations
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September 2021 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” Hormone therapy increases the risk of heart-related issues in transgender women and may affect heart health in transgender men.
13 citations
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March 2016 in “Progress in Transplantation” Healthcare providers need better understanding and cultural sensitivity to improve care for transgender patients with kidney failure needing transplants.
11 citations
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November 2022 in “Journal of Endocrinological Investigation” Hormonal treatments can change hair and skin in transgender people, but may not fully achieve desired results.
10 citations
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August 2020 in “International Journal of Andrology” 5α-reductase inhibitors like finasteride may not be effective or safe for transgender individuals, and more research is needed.
9 citations
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April 2021 in “Annals of Translational Medicine” Facial contouring is crucial for the satisfaction and well-being of Chinese transgender females.