111 citations
,
May 2001 in “Human reproduction update” Insufficient androgen action in male fetuses can cause genital development issues due to genetic mutations or environmental chemicals.
17 citations
,
February 2018 in “British Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery” Forehead reduction and orbital contouring are important for satisfactory facial feminization in transgender females, with high satisfaction and low long-term problems.
December 2023 in “International journal of molecular sciences” Chromosomal differences affect how muscle cells respond to testosterone.
1 citations
,
June 2021 in “Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de Córdoba” Postmenopausal virilization can be caused by ovarian hyperthecosis, treatable with surgery.
23 citations
,
January 2016 in “Transgender health” Hormone therapy with estradiol and spironolactone can regrow scalp hair in transgender women by lowering testosterone to female levels.
May 2021 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A woman developed male characteristics after using unregulated hormone therapy.
19 citations
,
February 2012 in “International Journal of Urology” In Japan, sex reassignment surgery for gender identity disorder faces challenges and needs better medical support and education.
68 citations
,
February 2019 in “Urology” Hormonal treatment in transgender women reduces semen quality, but stopping treatment may improve it.
47 citations
,
February 2019 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” LGBT individuals have unique skin health needs, including higher STD risks and side effects from gender-affirming treatments, requiring dermatologists to offer knowledgeable and culturally competent care.
October 2023 in “IJEM case reports” A 15-year-old girl with no menstrual period was diagnosed with a genetic condition that makes her body unable to respond to male hormones, leading to female characteristics despite having male genetic makeup.
1 citations
,
January 2017 in “Tohoku journal of experimental medicine” A woman's mature cystic teratoma caused her virilization by producing testosterone.
10 citations
,
November 2017 in “Dermatologic Clinics” More men are getting cosmetic procedures, mainly for aging, hair loss, and to keep masculine features, with growing interest in both surgical and noninvasive treatments.
October 2010 in “International Journal of Dermatology” An 86-year-old man with prostate cancer was diagnosed with a rare, low-grade breast cancer and underwent surgery but declined additional hormone therapy.
57 citations
,
January 2004 in “Journal of Endocrinology” Baldness caused by male hormones in female-to-male transsexuals doesn't increase the risk of heart disease.
37 citations
,
February 2010 in “Psychoneuroendocrinology” Androgen self-administration might be controlled by membrane receptors, not nuclear ones.
54 citations
,
November 1995 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Females with 5 alpha-reductase-2 deficiency have less body hair, no acne, normal fertility, and delayed menarche.
15 citations
,
April 2021 in “Annals of Translational Medicine” Facial gender surgery techniques focus on forehead and hairline changes for accurate results.
January 2017 in “Research Portal (King's College London)” Mantel's family life affected her view of femininity and worsened her endometriosis.
23 citations
,
August 2005 in “Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy” New treatments for low male hormones improved sexual function and mood but had unclear risks, especially for older men.
December 2010 in “TSpace” Activating androgen receptors in muscle can increase muscle mass and reduce fat.
November 2015 in “Aesthetic Surgery Journal” Plastic surgery marketing in the U.S. often overlooks men, but targeted campaigns can significantly increase male clientele for cosmetic procedures.
June 2026 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Rare seminoma found in a 33-year-old woman with atypical genitalia and no Y chromosome.
3 citations
,
March 2019 in “Post Reproductive Health” Testosterone replacement can help menopausal women with various symptoms, but should be used carefully and is not yet officially licensed in the UK for women.
4 citations
,
December 2012 in “Arquivos Brasileiros De Endocrinologia E Metabologia” A postmenopausal woman's masculine symptoms improved after surgery for a hormone-producing ovarian tumor.
6 citations
,
August 2020 in “JCRPE” A boy with a rare form of early puberty caused by a new gene mutation responded well to treatment aimed at reducing testosterone and preserving adult height.
13 citations
,
June 2008 in “Springer eBooks” July 2024 in “Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies” In post-menopausal women, signs of increased male hormones should be checked for possible ovarian cancer.
October 2025 in “Journal of Obstetric and Gynaecological Practices POGS”
8 citations
,
November 2019 in “Dermatologic Clinics” AGA treatments like minoxidil and LLLLT are safe and effective for gender minority patients.