39 citations
,
April 2018 in “Hormones” No consistent link between genotype and phenotype in 5-α-Reductase type 2 deficiency.
September 2021 in “Conference Proceedings” Older men with high total testosterone might not show symptoms, while younger men with hyperandrogenism may experience hair loss or acne.
7 citations
,
September 2022 in “Communications biology” Omega-6 fats in certain cells boost male hormone production.
17 citations
,
December 2020 in “Journal of Genetic Counseling” Genetic counselors should be culturally skilled and aware of transgender patients' unique health risks and needs.
35 citations
,
March 2013 in “American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B Neuropsychiatric Genetics” SRD5A2 gene variations affect PTSD symptoms differently in males and females.
4 citations
,
August 2021 in “Pediatrics in review” DSDs are birth conditions causing unusual sex development, managed with personalized care and sometimes surgery, but still lack a standard treatment approach.
January 2026 in “Frontiers in Pharmacology” Certain drugs can cause male infertility, so fertility counseling and sperm preservation are advised.
17 citations
,
April 2009 in “Andrologia” A boy's early puberty caused by a testicular tumor returned to normal after surgery.
October 2025 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Leydig cell tumors in the ovary can cause high testosterone and male traits in postmenopausal women but are treatable with surgery.
2 citations
,
July 2022 in “Frontiers in Veterinary Science” A female dog with mixed male and female traits was treated successfully with surgery.
29 citations
,
November 2022 in “Nature Medicine” Genetic variations greatly affect individual metabolism and can impact health and disease risk.
Certain medications can negatively impact male fertility.
3 citations
,
December 2014 in “Elsevier eBooks” Male hormones and their interactions are crucial for male sexual development and characteristics.
May 2025 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” Men with a family history of PCOS have lower sperm concentration and more hair loss.
54 citations
,
November 1995 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Females with 5 alpha-reductase-2 deficiency have less body hair, no acne, normal fertility, and delayed menarche.
June 1998 in “Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy” Medical treatments like chemotherapy and radiotherapy can harm sperm production, so freezing sperm before treatment is important for men who want children later.
January 2026 in “Elsevier eBooks”
July 2011 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Hormone treatment caused hair loss, finasteride helped regrowth.
27 citations
,
May 2002 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Brothers of women with PCOS tend to have higher levels of a hormone called DHEAS, indicating a possible genetic link.
January 1995 in “Adolescent and pediatric gynecology” Mutations in the androgen receptor gene cause different levels of androgen insensitivity, making it hard to create simple tests for the condition.
14 citations
,
January 2013 in “Hormone and Metabolic Research” The severity of symptoms in nonclassical congenital adrenal hyperplasia is not determined by CYP21A2 gene variations.
April 2026 in “Research Square” COVID-19 can harm male fertility by reducing sperm stem cells and damaging testicular function.
3 citations
,
July 2024 in “Urology Annals” Younger Klinefelter Syndrome patients have a better chance of successful sperm extraction.
January 2023 in “Pediatrics International” Non-classical 21-hydroxylase deficiency can be missed in newborn screenings and should be considered in cases of early puberty or virilization.
28 citations
,
July 2017 in “Journal of Endocrinological Investigation” Early onset baldness in men may indicate a condition similar to PCOS, linked to heart disease, diabetes, and prostate issues.
48 citations
,
February 2006 in “Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology” 5α-reductase inhibitors may reduce male fertility and could be used for male contraception.
February 2023 in “Vaccines” COVID-19 may harm male reproductive health and lower testosterone levels, potentially affecting fertility and causing erectile dysfunction. More research is needed.
February 2026 in “European Urology”
38 citations
,
October 2014 in “Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes and Obesity” 5-alpha reductase deficiency leads to male sexual development issues and treatments like finasteride help with prostate enlargement and hair loss.
1 citations
,
August 2022 in “Case Reports” A rare ovarian tumor caused high testosterone, hair loss, and missed periods, but surgery fixed these issues and led to pregnancy.