October 2025 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Leydig cell tumors in the ovary can cause high testosterone and male traits in postmenopausal women but are treatable with surgery.
September 2024 in “Brazilian Journal of Case Reports” Clomiphene testing can help find ovarian causes of high testosterone in postmenopausal women.
451 citations
,
March 2005 in “Endocrine Reviews” The enzyme steroid sulfatase is linked to breast cancer and other conditions, and inhibitors are being developed for treatment.
116 citations
,
April 2002 in “American journal of veterinary research” Trilostane effectively and safely treats dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism, improving symptoms and adrenal gland size.
107 citations
,
August 2012 in “Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology” The document concludes that understanding the sebaceous gland's development and function is key to addressing related skin diseases and aging effects.
105 citations
,
January 2009 in “Medicine” Hirsutism is more linked to high androgen levels than acne or hair loss, and a mix of hormonal tests is best for diagnosis; certain treatments can reduce symptoms.
78 citations
,
November 2008 in “Fertility and Sterility” Amenorrhea is relatively rare and initial testing should check FSH, TSH, and prolactin levels.
77 citations
,
December 2010 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Human skin cells produce proenkephalin, which changes with environmental factors and skin diseases.
41 citations
,
April 2010 in “Gender Medicine” The conclusion is that hirsutism should be diagnosed and treated because it affects quality of life and may signal other health problems.
30 citations
,
January 1998 in “Dermatology” Birth control pills and cyproterone acetate can help treat acne in women, especially when linked to hormonal issues.
18 citations
,
January 2004 in “Dermatologic Clinics” Skin problems in older people can indicate hormonal diseases, nutritional deficiencies, or conditions like diabetes, menopause, and HIV.
16 citations
,
July 2021 in “Histopathology” New markers and pathways have been found in skin tumors, helping better understand and diagnose them.
14 citations
,
March 2007 in “Pediatric pulmonology” Inhaled steroids in children may cause excessive hair growth and not always go away after stopping the medication.
12 citations
,
May 2001 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement” A rare benign skin tumor showed unusual features of sebaceous and sweat glands, important for correct diagnosis.
8 citations
,
April 2019 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Postmenopausal women with hyperandrogenism didn't have better metabolic health even after their testosterone levels became normal.
8 citations
,
September 2016 in “Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders” Skin health and diseases are closely linked to metabolic processes.
8 citations
,
August 2007 in “Histopathology” Different growth patterns in thyroid tumors are influenced by where cell growth and death occur.
5 citations
,
August 1983 in “PubMed” DNA virus-induced tumors have consistent isozyme profiles, unlike other tumor types.
4 citations
,
November 2018 in “Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism Case Reports” GnRH analogue can help diagnose ovarian causes of high testosterone in postmenopausal women when scans don't show the cause.
2 citations
,
June 2022 in “Scientific reports” Women with PCOS have higher hair cortisol levels, which are linked to worse metabolic and inflammatory conditions.
2 citations
,
August 2011 in “Revista Medica De Chile” A postmenopausal woman's high testosterone levels and symptoms improved after removing a tumor from her ovary.
2 citations
,
May 2006 in “Women's Health Medicine” PCOS is diagnosed when at least two of these three features are present: polycystic ovaries, irregular ovulation, and high androgen levels.
1 citations
,
September 2024 in “Journal of Clinical & Translational Endocrinology” PCOS women have more severe metabolic issues and higher androgen levels than hyperandrogenic women without PCOS.
1 citations
,
September 2023 in “JCEM case reports” GnRH analogues are effective for diagnosing and treating female androgen excess, offering a non-surgical option.
1 citations
,
June 2022 in “Frontiers in Neuroanatomy” Early hormones shape sex-specific differences in rat glands.
1 citations
,
May 2001 in “Pharmacology & Toxicology” Cyproterone acetate may cause liver cancer at high doses, but is considered safe at recommended doses for approved uses.
1 citations
,
January 1996 in “Gynecological endocrinology” Non-invasive imaging helped diagnose a woman's severe hormone imbalance and diabetes, and medication successfully treated her condition.
July 2025 in “Medical Science” Anabolic steroids and SARMs can cause serious liver damage.
November 2024 in “Future Science OA” A rare benign ovarian tumor was found in a pregnant woman, but both mother and baby remained healthy.
January 2019 in “Skin appendage disorders” A woman's hair loss was linked to a rare hormone-secreting ovarian tumor, treated with surgery and hair loss medication.