441 citations
,
May 2008 in “British Journal of Pharmacology” Anabolic steroids can build muscle and strength but have risks and need more research on their clinical benefits and side effects.
9 citations
,
March 2019 in “European Journal of Sport Science” New signs like changes in blood markers, physical symptoms, and behavioral shifts may help detect hidden steroid use in athletes.
2 citations
,
June 2022 in “대한스포츠의학회지” Anabolic steroids boost muscle growth, SARMs increase muscle mass and bone density without side effects, and myostatin inhibitors block a protein that stops muscle growth, but each has potential risks.
1 citations
,
September 2023 in “Journal of Education Health and Sport” Anabolic-androgenic steroids are dangerous and educating people about their risks is essential.
1 citations
,
January 2015 in “Hair therapy & transplantation” Some supplements and hormones can increase hair loss by raising DHT levels.
August 2023 in “Medicina-lithuania” Abusing steroids can damage your heart, muscles, reproductive system, liver, skin, and brain, and may increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease.
65 citations
,
April 2018 in “Oncotarget” Anabolic androgenic steroids can increase cancer risk and disrupt hormones.
42 citations
,
May 2007 in “Endocrinology and metabolism/American journal of physiology: endocrinology and metabolism” Testosterone can build muscle and bone without enlarging the prostate when a specific enzyme is blocked.
38 citations
,
September 2019 in “Chinese Medical Journal” Using steroids can increase the risk of heart problems.
36 citations
,
October 2009 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry” Two new compounds were found to build bone and muscle without affecting reproductive organs and skin oil glands.
34 citations
,
September 2009 in “International Journal of Dermatology” Using anabolic-androgenic steroids can cause skin problems like acne and hair loss in athletes.
21 citations
,
February 2021 in “BMJ case reports” Anabolic steroid users may face higher risk of severe COVID-19.
19 citations
,
June 2021 in “The world journal of men's health” Using anabolic-androgenic steroids can harm men's reproductive health and increase the risk of heart problems and death.
16 citations
,
August 1992 in “PubMed” Anabolic-androgenic steroids can cause skin issues like acne and oily skin by enlarging oil glands and changing skin oils.
11 citations
,
November 2009 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology/The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology” Bolandiol, a synthetic steroid, builds muscle and bone without greatly affecting sex glands, and works differently from other hormones.
8 citations
,
February 2025 in “Swiss Medical Weekly” Integrating best practices for steroid users in Swiss primary care is feasible and beneficial, but doping laws need change.
5 citations
,
January 2017 in “Biomedical Research-tokyo” Long-term steroid abuse in athletes causes serious health risks, outweighing any benefits.
3 citations
,
November 2024 in “Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal” Anabolic-androgenic steroids can harm women's health and their offspring.
3 citations
,
March 2018 in “Ars Pharmaceutica (Internet)” Anabolic agents can cause cardiovascular and behavioral issues in athletes.
2 citations
,
August 2025 in “Harm Reduction Journal” Non-medical steroid use in gym-goers is risky and needs better prevention and care strategies.
2 citations
,
July 2025 in “Forensic Sciences” Anabolic-androgenic steroids can damage the brain, causing mood and cognitive problems.
2 citations
,
May 2024 in “European Journal of Investigation in Health Psychology and Education” Many bodybuilders in Sergipe, Brazil use anabolic steroids, facing health risks like acne, irritability, and hypertension.
2 citations
,
December 2020 in “Phytomedicine plus” Taking Saw palmetto and Pygeum africana can change the levels of certain steroids in urine, which could cause confusion in doping tests.
2 citations
,
January 2017 in “Endocrinology” Testosterone and its metabolites have varied effects on different body systems, especially during puberty.
1 citations
,
October 2025 in “Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine” Anabolic-androgenic steroid abuse can cause heart damage and sudden death.
1 citations
,
December 2024 in “Journal of Education Health and Sport” Anabolic steroids harm the heart, liver, hormones, muscles, and mental health.
1 citations
,
May 2024 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Clomiphene Citrate can quickly restore fertility in some men after long-term steroid abuse.
1 citations
,
February 2013 in “Steroids” Bone mineral and minocycline boost bone cell growth, aiding healing.
April 2026 in “Quality in Sport” Anabolic-androgenic steroids increase the risk of heart problems.
July 2025 in “Medical Science” Anabolic steroids and SARMs can cause serious liver damage.