May 2026 in “Frontiers in Immunology” Bimekizumab effectively treats scalp cellulitis and improves quality of life.
April 2023 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Cyclosporin A, a drug, reduces TGF-β2 expression in skin cells, potentially causing excessive hair growth through a process involving the calcineurin/NFAT pathway.
January 2024 in “Journal of Crohn's and colitis” Janus Kinase inhibitors are effective and have an acceptable safety profile for treating moderate to severe Ulcerative Colitis.
November 2025 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Combining MMP-9 and JAK inhibitors can effectively prevent skin depigmentation in vitiligo.
August 2022 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Baricitinib reduces inflammation and mitochondrial damage in skin cells.
7 citations
,
July 1990 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” A woman with bullous pemphigoid had an allergic reaction to azathioprine, but got better with alternative treatments.
Mycophenolate mofetil is a good alternative for autoimmune hepatitis patients who can't tolerate azathioprine.
9 citations
,
April 2020 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” Immune checkpoint inhibitors can cause scalp inflammation and hair follicle issues.
August 2025 in “Galen Medical Journal” Combining mesotherapy with systemic treatments effectively improves alopecia universalis treatment.
2 citations
,
April 2024 in “Advanced Materials” A microneedle patch can help regrow hair by restoring immune balance in hair follicles.
65 citations
,
December 2015 in “Experimental dermatology” Corticosteroid treatment reduces inflammation and alters hair keratins in alopecia areata.
21 citations
,
August 1984 in “BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology” Ovarian function was similar in both treatment groups, but both caused excessive hair growth.
April 2023 in “Journal of Pakistan Medical Association” Baricitinib is effective in promoting hair growth in severe alopecia areata.
11 citations
,
December 2010 in “American journal of transplantation” Some patients developed hair loss after islet cell transplant possibly due to their immune-suppressing medications.
160 citations
,
December 2016 in “Journal of biophotonics” Low-level laser therapy, now called photobiomodulation, is recognized for its broad medical applications and scientific backing.
101 citations
,
July 1998 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” UVB exposure in human skin causes macrophages to produce more IL-10 and less IL-12, leading to immunosuppression.
45 citations
,
November 2018 in “Journal of dermatological treatment” JAK-inhibitors are effective for treating psoriasis and show promise for other skin diseases.
20 citations
,
September 2022 in “Journal of Biomedical Optics” PBM helps improve cell survival in 3D tissue engineering.
520 citations
,
January 2017 in “AIMS biophysics” Photobiomodulation therapy using red and near-infrared light can reduce inflammation and aid in healing various conditions.
August 2023 in “Dermatology and Therapy” Imiquimod can cause rare skin side effects, some irreversible, and long-term follow-up is important for users.
55 citations
,
October 2019 in “Dermatology and therapy” Drugs targeting the JAK/STAT pathway can improve atopic dermatitis but vary in effectiveness for vitiligo and alopecia areata, with generally mild safety concerns.
July 2024 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Baicalin may help treat severe drug-induced skin reactions.
November 2024 in “Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” More effective treatments are needed for alopecia areata, hidradenitis suppurativa, and vitiligo.
7 citations
,
December 2022 in “Skin Appendage Disorders” Certolizumab effectively treats psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis with fewer side effects than adalimumab.
1 citations
,
January 2024 in “Dermatologic Therapy” Methotrexate and azathioprine are equally effective and well-tolerated for treating lichen planopilaris.
December 2025 in “Indian Journal of Case Reports” Stopping azathioprine improved hair loss and bone marrow issues.
Cytokine therapy is promising for treating skin conditions like vitiligo and psoriasis.
April 2025 in “BMC Immunology” Targeting SIRT1 with antisense oligonucleotides could be a promising treatment for hair loss.
November 2023 in “Journal of Pakistan Society of Internal Medicine.” Methotrexate is effective for rheumatoid arthritis but can cause side effects.
179 citations
,
October 2018 in “American Journal of Clinical Dermatology” Cancer treatments targeting specific cells and the immune system can cause skin, mouth, hair, and nail problems, affecting patients' quality of life and treatment adherence.