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New biomarkers and potential treatments for skin diseases were identified.

Alkaline ceramidase 1 is crucial for healthy skin and energy balance.

Hair growth and health are influenced by factors like age, environment, and nutrition, and are controlled by various molecular pathways. Red light can promote hair growth, and understanding these processes can help treat hair-related diseases.

Cornification is how skin cells die to form the protective outer layer of skin, hair, and nails.

Two new enzymes, PAD-R11 and PAD-R4, were cloned and showed activity, with PAD-R11 resembling epidermal enzymes.

TGase 3 helps build hair structure by forming strong bonds between proteins.

The 14-3-3σ gene is essential for preventing hair loss.

Vitamin D Receptor is needed for hair growth in mice but not for skin stem cell maintenance.

Vitamin D Receptor is crucial for normal skin and hair growth.

Deleting the CDSN gene causes severe skin and hair problems, leading to death.

C/EBPalpha and C/EBPbeta are crucial for normal skin and oil gland cell development in adult mice.

A specific DNA region controls skin cell gene expression by working with certain proteins.

The enzyme DHHC13 is essential for healthy hair and skin, and its deficiency leads to hair loss and skin problems.

The CUBIC protocol allows detailed 3D visualization of proteins in mouse skin biopsies.

Vitamin D3 is important for hair growth and protecting skin from damage caused by long-term sun exposure.

Epigenetic mechanisms control skin development by regulating gene expression.

Matriptase is crucial for skin barrier, hair growth, and may contribute to skin cancer.

Mutations in the ST14 gene cause skin and hair issues by disrupting important protein processing.

Repetin is a protein involved in skin and hair development, binding calcium and compensating for other proteins when needed.

PAD enzymes play a key role in hair growth and structure.

Trichohyalin-like proteins are essential for the development of skin structures like hair, nails, and feathers.

The Dfl mutation in mice causes poor sebaceous gland function and complete hair loss.

mTORC2 is crucial for healthy skin barrier by regulating lipids and filaggrin.

TGF-β and FGF pathways are crucial for skin development and regeneration.

Fibroblasts from healthy donors can prevent changes seen in recessive epidermolysis bullosa simplex.

Epidermal stem cells are vital for skin healing and have potential for treating skin disorders.

A chimeric keratin partially improved skin structure in mice lacking keratin 5, but didn't fully restore normal skin.

YAP and TAZ proteins control skin cell growth and repair.