104 citations
,
March 2014 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” DHT may increase the risk of heart disease and death in elderly men.
71 citations
,
August 2019 in “The journal of sexual medicine” Testosterone treatment effectively causes male physical development in transgender male adolescents but may lead to side effects like acne, higher BMI and blood pressure, lower good cholesterol, and decreased bone density.
43 citations
,
August 2016 in “Scientific Reports” Cinnamomi cortex may help treat prostate enlargement by reducing related proteins.
26 citations
,
August 2014 in “PubMed” Testosterone improves mood and thinking skills; finasteride has no effect.
24 citations
,
January 2021 in “Physiological Research” Testosterone affects brain functions and contributes to sex differences, influencing conditions like autism.
21 citations
,
January 2021 in “Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism” Testosterone may have a dual role in COVID-19, potentially worsening outcomes in men, and testosterone therapy could help some patients, but more research is needed.
18 citations
,
March 2020 in “Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology” The enzymes 5α-reductase and 3α/β-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase help create brain-active substances from progesterone and testosterone, which could be used for treatment, but more research is needed to ensure their safety and effectiveness.
18 citations
,
October 2017 in “Drug Design Development and Therapy” DA-9401 helps protect rat testis from finasteride damage.
12 citations
,
December 2017 in “Scientific reports” The new test can measure very small amounts of testosterone in hair, and grinding the hair up first gives more accurate results.
11 citations
,
April 2017 in “The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care” Cyproterone acetate with ethinyl estradiol is effective for treating skin symptoms related to high androgen levels, like in PCOS.
7 citations
,
January 2014 in “Case reports in endocrinology” A woman's excessive hair growth was caused by a rare benign tumor in her adrenal gland, which was successfully removed.
6 citations
,
May 2022 in “Research and reports in urology” Caesalpinia bonduc seed extracts may help treat enlarged prostate in rats.
6 citations
,
January 2017 in “Annals of Dermatology” Combination of 17α-estradiol and minoxidil improves hair growth and reduces hair loss in most patients.
4 citations
,
December 2018 in “Case reports in endocrinology” A 63-year-old woman's male-like symptoms were caused by a rare testosterone-producing ovarian tumor, treated by removing her ovaries and fallopian tubes.
1 citations
,
October 2023 in “PloS one” Cosmetic hair treatments can increase hair testosterone levels, while natural hair color does not affect it.
1 citations
,
January 2018 in “AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES” Zapoteca portoricensis extract may help protect against prostate issues and support liver and kidney health in rats.
February 2026 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” Testosterone therapy improved symptoms in a woman with congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
Oral lichen planus is not linked to sex hormone levels.
Toxoplasma gondii infection may increase testosterone levels in males.
March 2024 in “Journal of Applied and Natural Science” Mentha spicata leaves lower testosterone and aggression in female rats.
October 2022 in “Endocrine journal” Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone treatments can help with penile growth in males with 5α-reductase type 2 deficiency, with dihydrotestosterone being more effective in infancy.
May 2020 in “International Journal of Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology” The combined therapy improved symptoms in PCOS patients.
February 2020 in “İstanbul medical journal” Metformin improves early signs of heart disease in women with PCOS and raises apelin levels, but doesn't significantly change artery thickness.
April 2018 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” 17β-estradiol may help hair growth by increasing cannabinoid receptor type 1.
58 citations
,
January 2006 in “Skin Pharmacology and Physiology” High levels of testosterone and 5α-DHT can lead to cell death in cells important for hair growth.
1 citations
,
May 2025 in “Scientific Reports” Sex hormones do not cause oral lichen planus.
28 citations
,
October 1998 in “Baillière's clinical endocrinology and metabolism” Testosterone replacement may help post-menopausal women with androgen insufficiency, but more research is needed on its benefits and risks.
92 citations
,
November 2003 in “The Journals of Gerontology” Testosterone supplements can increase muscle mass and strength in older men with low levels, but long-term effects and risks need more research.
8 citations
,
May 1982 in “Journal of Endocrinology/Journal of endocrinology” Rat skin takes up and processes testosterone differently than other organs, with testosterone being more important for the skin than its metabolite 5α-DHT.
162 citations
,
April 2016 in “The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology” Testosterone therapy in transgender men has both desired effects like increased muscle mass and potential health risks such as higher cardiovascular risk.