352 citations
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January 2006 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Most women referred for excess male hormone symptoms had polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), with other conditions being less common.
38 citations
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May 1971 in “Clinical genetics” A specific metabolite, not a receptor protein, triggers the production of certain kidney enzymes, but this process is disrupted in mice with a mutation causing testicular feminization.
Gender-diverse individuals face more depression and anxiety, possibly due to unique stress profiles.
April 2020 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A rare ovarian tumor caused high male hormone levels, but surgery fixed it.
October 2023 in “The Journal of Dermatology” The HSVS-A is an effective tool for quickly screening hair shedding in Asian women.
157 citations
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May 2016 in “Plastic and reconstructive surgery/PSEF CD journals” Facial feminization surgery is safe and patients are satisfied, but more detailed research is needed.
13 citations
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June 1989 in “Pediatric clinics of North America/The Pediatric clinics of North America” The conclusion is that young women with excessive hair growth should be quickly tested for hormonal issues and treated to improve their social well-being.
57 citations
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May 1986 in “Clinics in endocrinology and metabolism” Androstanediol glucuronide is a reliable marker for hirsutism in women.
November 2022 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A boy with a new NR5A1 gene mutation has a sex development disorder without affecting his adrenal glands.
February 2026 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” Hirsutism and acne indicate high androgen levels in women with PCOS, and early treatment can improve symptoms and quality of life.
10 citations
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November 2000 in “Aesthetic Surgery Journal” Secondary aesthetic surgeries for gender reassignment are generally satisfying and advance overall aesthetic surgery techniques, but psychological support is important.
January 2022 in “Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Dermatology” The Turkish version of the MAIA-2 Scale is valid and reliable for patients at a dermatology clinic.
July 2025 in “Archives of Sexual Behavior” Men's facial appearance shows age, body fat, and testosterone levels, not metabolic health.
September 2022 in “Biomedicines” Lipid Accumulation Product and Free Androgens Index are effective for assessing fatty liver disease risk in women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.
February 2021 in “International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)” A higher testosterone/dihydrotestosterone ratio in PCOS patients may indicate worse metabolic health.
January 2024 in “JEADV clinical practice” Gender-affirming dermatology treatments generally improve mental well-being for transgender individuals, but more research is needed.
The modified Sinclair scale effectively measures hair loss severity in men.
July 2020 in “Endocrine practice” A 13-year-old boy with Cushing syndrome has high cortisol levels from a pituitary gland issue and underdeveloped sexual characteristics.
November 2022 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Diagnosing osteoporosis in transgender people is challenging due to unclear guidelines and hormone treatment effects.
July 2024 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Skin hormone levels change significantly after menopause.
9 citations
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March 2019 in “European Journal of Sport Science” New signs like changes in blood markers, physical symptoms, and behavioral shifts may help detect hidden steroid use in athletes.
11 citations
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August 2018 in “Medicine” Hair loss in Chinese college students leads to various psychological issues, so treatment should address both hair loss and mental health.
1 citations
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July 2001 in “Pediatrics in review” The girl has a hormonal imbalance causing increased hair growth and other male characteristics.
April 2012 in “The Journal of Urology” Patients with metabolic syndrome had lower Gleason scores when diagnosed with prostate cancer.
2 citations
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March 2003 in “Endocrine Practice” The woman's symptoms and tests suggest her adrenal glands are producing too many male hormones.
34 citations
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February 2013 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Many young Italian women have hyperandrogenic disorders like PCOS, which are linked to age, body weight, and insulin resistance.
September 2025 in “Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise” Gender-affirming hormone therapy and surgery affect gut bacteria differently.
176 citations
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August 2000 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” Hormone treatments in transsexual individuals reduce hair growth and oil production in male-to-females and increase them in female-to-males.
66 citations
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November 2001 in “European journal of endocrinology” Low SHBG and high FAI, FT, and DHEAS levels are effective in identifying PCOS.
December 2021 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” Men can have genetic risks for PCOS-related traits like obesity and diabetes.