Hormones, especially testosterone and DHT, are key for penis development and function, and testosterone therapy may help with erectile dysfunction in those with low levels.
January 1995 in “Adolescent and pediatric gynecology” Mutations in the androgen receptor gene cause different levels of androgen insensitivity, making it hard to create simple tests for the condition.
9 citations
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November 2013 in “Presse Medicale” The document concludes that managing female hyperandrogenism requires a combination of identifying the cause, lifestyle changes, medication, and cosmetic treatments.
1 citations
,
June 2021 in “Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de Córdoba” Postmenopausal virilization can be caused by ovarian hyperthecosis, treatable with surgery.
May 2003 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” The meeting covered advances in understanding hair growth, causes of hair loss, and potential treatments.
January 1977 in “Case Reports in Medicine” Steroid cell tumors in the ovary are rare, can produce testosterone causing symptoms, and are mainly treated with surgery.
4025 citations
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December 2003 in “Human Reproduction” The 2003 consensus updated PCOS diagnosis criteria and linked PCOS to higher risks of diabetes and heart problems, recommending lifestyle changes to lower these risks.
116 citations
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December 2013 in “European journal of endocrinology” Combining liraglutide and metformin helps obese women with PCOS who didn't lose weight on metformin alone to lose more weight.
34 citations
,
January 2004 in “PubMed” DHT deficiency in rats reduces sperm content and affects testis structure over time.
31 citations
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January 2001 in “PubMed”
20 citations
,
January 2016 in “Open Journal of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases” PCOS affects fertility and is linked to obesity and menstrual irregularities; lifestyle changes are recommended for treatment.
6 citations
,
April 2016 in “Journal of the Formosan Medical Association” Metformin improved insulin resistance and BMI in overweight Taiwanese women with PCOS, and a 2-hour insulin test may be a good screening tool.
5 citations
,
December 2012 in “PubMed” Stopping the use of the drug finasteride can improve sperm count and does not prevent normal conception, but caution is advised when trying to conceive.
16 citations
,
August 2021 in “Tumor Biology” TMPRSS2 helps viruses enter cells and protects the prostate from inflammation-related cancer.
12 citations
,
February 2025 in “Women s Health” Metformin helps manage PCOS by improving fertility and is safe for pregnancy, especially when combined with certain treatments.
1 citations
,
June 2021 in “The Indonesian Biomedical Journal” Glycated hemoglobin is not as effective as the oral glucose tolerance test for diagnosing blood sugar problems in women with PCOS in Southern Iraq.
October 2024 in “Andrology” Paternal drug exposure can harm fertility, pregnancy outcomes, and offspring health, with specific drugs linked to various reproductive issues.
48 citations
,
December 2019 in “Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology” More research is needed to confirm sperm DNA fragmentation as a reliable tool for diagnosing male infertility.
124 citations
,
July 1997 in “Journal of Biological Chemistry” Overexpressing a specific enzyme in mice causes hair loss and female infertility.
2 citations
,
March 2022 in “Laboratory Animal Research” A mild botulinum toxin injection improved sperm production and movement in aging mice.
April 2026 in “Biomolecules” New treatments for PCOS using smart drug delivery, metabolic changes, and AI show promise but need more research.
January 2023 in “Andrologia” American men are older, more obese, and have longer infertility than Canadian men.
5 citations
,
July 2019 in “Nutrients” Low selenium intake may delay puberty in boys but not in girls.
2 citations
,
March 2016 in “The Journal of Urology” Male infertility often lacks thorough investigation, potentially missing reversible causes.
July 2023 in “Journal of Clinical Medicine” Choosing the right starting dose of Clomiphene Citrate for ovulation induction in PCOS women is challenging; higher BMI and hormone levels may indicate resistance to the standard dose.
February 2024 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” 5-α reductase inhibitors do not significantly affect male reproductive function but may reduce semen volume.
October 2023 in “Georgetown medical review” Finasteride and Dutasteride can improve hair growth in male baldness but may cause temporary sexual dysfunction and possibly affect fertility.
104 citations
,
May 2019 in “F1000Research” Losing weight, fixing varicoceles, and using advanced sperm selection methods improve male infertility treatment outcomes.
65 citations
,
April 2018 in “Oncotarget” Anabolic androgenic steroids can increase cancer risk and disrupt hormones.
54 citations
,
September 2013 in “Fertility and Sterility” Finasteride can reduce fertility in some men, but stopping it increases sperm count.