23 citations
,
January 1981 Hair is mostly made of three protein types: helical, high-sulfur, and high-tyrosine.
15 citations
,
October 2004 in “Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces” Holes in mature hair are likely caused by the removal of substances during hair care.
9 citations
,
March 2005 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” The torsional method effectively evaluates hair damage and the performance of hair care ingredients.
7 citations
,
January 2001 in “Comprehensive series in photosciences” UV radiation significantly damages hair, especially with humidity, making it more vulnerable to further damage.
3 citations
,
January 2002 in “Springer eBooks” Alkaline hair relaxers damage hair, but cationic and non-ionic polymers can help reduce this damage.
January 2026 in “International Journal of Biological Macromolecules” Small KP peptide improves hair without reducing agents, while larger proteins need them for better results.
November 2024 in “Journal of Microscopy” Human hair varies in structure based on curl type, with high curl hair showing the most differences.
April 2023 in “CRC Press eBooks” Hair care products mainly work on the hair's surface and need professional guidance for use.
49 citations
,
April 2010 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Hair ages as the cuticle wears down, especially beyond 1 meter from the root, affecting its strength and shine.
14 citations
,
July 2007 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” The new 3D imaging method accurately measures hair surface details quickly.
5 citations
,
December 2020 in “International journal of biological macromolecules” Treatments improved hair surface and scale structure but didn't increase certain bonds in the hair cortex.
January 2015 in “Chinese Veterinary Science” Recognizing ultrastructures of cashmere goat hair follicles helps identify and locate follicle layers.
December 2018 in “72° Congresso di Anatomia e Istologia” Micro-grafts improved hair growth in patients with hair loss.
9 citations
,
April 2019 in “Journal of structural biology” Hair's internal fibers are arranged in a pattern that doesn't let much water in, and treatments like oils and heat change how much water hair can absorb.
December 2021 in “Journal of natural fibers” The conclusion is that new methods for isolating hair cuticle cells and removing the cuticle layer are effective and convenient.
Prussian Blue causes hair cuticles to detach, weakening the hair.
10 citations
,
November 2016 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” A tough membrane between the outer and inner layers of human hair protects it from damage.
3 citations
,
December 2021 in “Proteins” Wool fiber curliness is linked to the presence of certain proteins and K38.
1 citations
,
January 2007 in “AIP conference proceedings” High-resolution x-ray images showed three main structures in human hair: medulla, cortex, and cuticle.
6 citations
,
April 2005 in “Journal of dermatological science” The study found nine new hair protein genes in human hair follicles.
4 citations
,
May 2014 in “PubMed” Monoethanolamine-based hair colorants can cause more damage to hair than ammonia-based ones.
36 citations
,
October 2014 in “Langmuir” Bleaching hair removes its protective top layer and exposes more hydrophilic groups, changing its chemical surface and affecting how it interacts with products.
20 citations
,
September 2018 in “Journal of colloid and interface science” Modified keratin binds better to hair, especially bleached hair.
February 1999 in “The anatomical record” Two mouse mutants have defective hair cuticle cross-linking.
September 2010 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Chemical treatments change hair surface properties, making it more hydrophilic and able to bind conditioners.
2 citations
,
February 2016 in “Journal of sol-gel science and technology” A small molecule can strengthen fine hair, making it more resistant and natural-feeling.
30 citations
,
July 2000 in “PubMed” Hair has unevenly distributed proteins and lipids, with lipids mainly in the cuticle and proteins in the cortex and medulla.
27 citations
,
January 1995 Melanin in black hair protects it from sun damage better than light-brown hair.
7 citations
,
August 2018 in “Journal of cosmetic dermatology” Chemical hair straightening improves smoothness and shine but may cause side effects, suggesting a need for safer methods.
March 2026 in “Dyes and Pigments” Riboflavin and blue light speed up genipin hair dye, making it fast, glossy, stable, and eco-friendly.