13 citations
,
October 2002 in “Journal of Biochemical and Biophysical Methods” Men with male-pattern baldness have higher levels of certain testosterone metabolites and may have more active androgen metabolism.
April 2025 in “Sabuncuoglu Serefeddin Health Sciences” Anabolic steroid misuse is a major health issue causing severe health problems and requires better awareness and monitoring.
46 citations
,
September 2002 in “Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” Women with hair loss often feel depressed, while men are more anxious and aggressive.
1 citations
,
October 2022 in “Adolescent Health, Medicine and Therapeutics” Gender-affirming therapy can cause skin issues like acne and hair loss in transgender adolescents, and more research is needed on its dermatological effects.
309 citations
,
June 2001 in “Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology” Mutations in the androgen receptor gene cause androgen insensitivity, leading to female traits in genetically male individuals.
Androgens increase norepinephrine release, promoting smooth muscle growth in male sex organs, which may contribute to benign prostatic hypertrophy.
August 1994 in “Journal of dermatological science” Mouse hair cells respond to male hormones by growing less, and this can be stopped by certain blockers.
21 citations
,
April 2011 in “Physiological Research” Normal levels of DHT can reduce belly fat and increase muscle, but too much can lead to hair loss, prostate issues, and possibly heart disease.
16 citations
,
February 2014 in “Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal” Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) affects Iranian women's feelings of femininity and self-image.
4 citations
,
December 2014 in “PubMed” Pre-operative hormone treatment for hypospadias surgery might improve outcomes, but more research is needed to confirm.
November 2025 in “Open Access CRIS of the University of Bern” Androgen levels are more linked to body size in boys than girls.
Androgenetic alopecia in young males leads to lower self-esteem, increased anxiety, and higher depression risk.
43 citations
,
July 2003 in “Andrology” Hormonal male contraception is effective and could be market-ready, but more research is needed to ensure safety for all ethnic groups.
51 citations
,
July 2013 in “Brain Research” Testosterone needs to be converted to DHT to reduce stress response in male rats.
58 citations
,
January 2013 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Obese women with PCOS show a male-like pattern in certain fat tissue gene expressions.
Hyperandrogenism is diagnosed using clinical signs, lab tests, and imaging.
December 1976 in “PubMed” Androgens affect skin conditions like acne and hirsutism, treatable with hormone therapy and other methods.
March 2004 in “Current Sexual Health Reports” Testosterone's role in women's sex drive is unclear and needs more research, as low levels don't always mean less sexual interest and high levels can cause side effects.
Orthognathic surgeons play a key role in modifying masculine facial features to be more feminine, often improving transgender women's quality of life.
April 2010 in “The Journal of Urology” The research found that androgens help control blood flow in the rat prostate through a specific binding site.
34 citations
,
April 2023 in “Climacteric” Gender-affirming hormone therapy affects health risks and requires careful management, especially as transgender individuals age.
5 citations
,
December 2004 in “Dermatology” Two women with very high androgen levels had only slight skin issues, one due to a non-classical adrenal disorder and the other due to an adrenal tumor.
July 2023 in “Journal of Education, Health and Sport” Most women lack knowledge about androgens and their excess symptoms.
131 citations
,
September 2010 in “The Laryngoscope” Forehead modification greatly increases the perception of femininity and is a safe procedure.
9 citations
,
July 2023 in “Hypertension” Gender-affirming hormone therapy may increase heart disease risk in transgender individuals.
Finasteride reduces prostate size and DHT in male mastomys but not in females.
11 citations
,
May 2009 in “Medical Hypotheses” Male pattern baldness is an unintended side effect of the body's use of androgens for muscle growth, especially in those genetically prone to it.
April 2019 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Care for gender-dysphoric Veterans can be improved with a consistent, team-based approach.
5 citations
,
November 2009 in “New Zealand journal of psychology” Future anxiety about male pattern baldness is linked to personality traits and social perceptions.
30 citations
,
November 2000 in “British Journal of Cancer” Reduced sexual drive may be linked to male breast cancer, while anti-estrogenic factors might lower the risk.