November 2025 in “Frontiers in Immunology” New treatments for alopecia areata show promise in improving hair loss outcomes.
47 citations
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June 2013 in “Biology of blood and marrow transplantation” Mice with human fetal thymic tissue and stem cells developed symptoms similar to chronic graft-versus-host disease.
January 2015 in “ScholarlyCommons (University of Pennsylvania)” IL-19 and IL-24 help cells respond to DNA damage and could be targeted for cancer and age-related disease treatments.
188 citations
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March 2018 in “Frontiers in Immunology” Regulatory T-cells are important for healing and regenerating tissues in various organs by controlling immune responses and aiding stem cells.
14 citations
,
June 2017 in “Immunity” Special immune cells called Treg cells are important for maintaining and regenerating hair by activating a specific growth signal in hair stem cells.
46 citations
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October 2018 in “JCI insight” CD8+ T cells are involved in alopecia areata and may cause disease relapse.
3 citations
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September 2023 in “Frontiers in immunology” Chronic inflammatory skin diseases are caused by disrupted interactions between skin cells and immune cells.
November 2022 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” New imaging technology can show up to 40 different markers in hair loss tissue, helping to understand hair disease better.
January 2026 in “Immune Network” Regulatory T cells adapt to different environments to control inflammation and support tissue repair.
22 citations
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January 2009 in “Advances in experimental medicine and biology” FOXN1 mutations cause severe immunodeficiency, hair loss, nail issues, and thymus defects.
May 2023 in “Elsevier eBooks” Systemic immunotherapies are used for immune-related hair loss but not usually for genetic hair loss, unless the patient has both conditions.
January 2026 in “Inflammation and Regeneration” Two-photon microscopy improves skin imaging but faces safety and cost challenges for clinical use.
32 citations
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January 2017 in “Orphanet journal of rare diseases” FOXN1 gene mutations cause a rare, severe immune disease treatable with cell or tissue transplants.
2 citations
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October 2022 in “Current Allergy and Asthma Reports” Biologic therapies can cause various adverse events, but allergy/immunology clinicians can manage them.
October 2024 in “International journal of medicine and psychology.” Targeted immune modulation can help achieve stable remission in alopecia areata.
April 2023 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Booster shots of mRNA vaccines for COVID-19 increased protective antibodies without worsening autoimmune skin conditions in patients.
101 citations
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July 1998 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” UVB exposure in human skin causes macrophages to produce more IL-10 and less IL-12, leading to immunosuppression.
July 2025 in “Russian Journal of Clinical Dermatology and Venereology” Tofacitinib may help hair regrowth in familial alopecia areata with immune issues, but more research is needed.
January 2026 in “Pediatrics International” Live vaccines can be safely given to infants with a FOXN1 variant if their immune function improves over time.
24 citations
,
January 1985 in “Dermatology” Higher levels of certain immune cells in hair follicles may contribute to alopecia areata.
20 citations
,
July 2017 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” IL-1 receptor absence in mice leads to skin cysts and changes in immune response after UVB exposure.
1 citations
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February 2025 in “Scientific Reports” CD4 is crucial for maintaining skin stem cell balance and aiding wound healing.
353 citations
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November 2014 in “Molecular immunology” Porcine skin is very similar to human skin, making it a useful model for research.
May 2017 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Topical immunotherapy for alopecia areata may work by creating immune cell clusters in the skin.
2 citations
,
November 2025 in “Pharmaceutics” Cell-mediated drug delivery systems improve skin disease treatment by using living cells for precise, prolonged, and less toxic therapy.
52 citations
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February 1986 in “Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry” Some hair proteins are specific to hair, while others are also found in skin cells.
21 citations
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April 2019 in “Journal of cutaneous pathology” People with alopecia areata have fewer regulatory T-cells than those with other skin conditions.
January 2026 in “Human Mutation” T cell subsets are crucial in kidney cancer, and a new model predicts patient outcomes using key genes.
November 2024 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” γδT cells can protect hair follicles from alopecia areata and promote hair regrowth.
1 citations
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July 2025 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” IL-27 may help prevent hair loss by creating immune-suppressing cells.