June 2026 in “Frontiers in Immunology” The JAK-STAT signaling pathway plays a crucial role in the development of various inflammatory and autoimmune skin diseases, including atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, alopecia areata, and vitiligo. Small molecule JAK inhibitors have shown significant effectiveness in treating these conditions, with specific drugs like abrocitinib, upadacitinib, and baricitinib already approved for certain diseases. The traditional classification of inflammatory skin diseases based on the T helper immune axis is inadequate for distinguishing cytokine signals reliant on the JAK-STAT pathway, limiting its use in targeted therapy. The article proposes a refined framework that incorporates JAK-dependent cytokine modules into the existing Th immune axis system, enhancing the understanding and clinical application of JAK inhibitors for better diagnosis and treatment of skin diseases.
11 citations
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April 1993 in “PubMed” Human hair cells can change based on their environment, especially interactions with certain skin cells.
June 2025 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” In alopecia areata, certain immune cells increase and express a protein linked to immune activation.
April 2023 in “Medizinische Genetik” New gene discoveries have improved diagnosis and treatment for skin and hair disorders, but more research is needed to fully understand them.
Certain gene variations and different levels of BDNF and CRH hormones are linked to vitiligo.
110 citations
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February 2024 in “Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling” PandaOmics uses AI to find new disease treatment targets and biomarkers.
November 2025 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” TEC kinases may help cause inflammation in vitiligo and could be targeted for treatment.
13 citations
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February 2025 in “Nature Communications” A new neural network helps identify key regulators in cell changes, aiding in understanding diseases and finding new treatments.
January 2015 in “ScholarlyCommons (University of Pennsylvania)” IL-19 and IL-24 help cells respond to DNA damage and could be targeted for cancer and age-related disease treatments.
June 2025 in “JCEM Case Reports” False high testosterone levels were corrected using a more accurate test.
3 citations
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January 1992 in “Clinical Pediatric Endocrinology” Patients with the same vitamin D receptor mutation showed different symptoms due to other factors.
30 citations
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February 2023 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” OX40-targeted therapies may help treat skin diseases by reducing inflammation and balancing immune responses.
February 2025 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” Cell detachment, not autoantibody binding, causes major changes in pemphigus.
15 citations
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January 1987 in “Electrophoresis” Human head hair proteins can be typed into eight distinct patterns, useful for genetic and forensic investigations.
A 5 cm hair sample can reveal blood type and keratin type for forensic use.
April 2005 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Vitamin D helps protect skin, PSORS1 gene's risk interval for psoriasis is expanded, hair follicles can be generated from mouse cells, and interferon-γ may cause pigmented skin lesions.
81 citations
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May 1986 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” 
67 citations
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January 2020 in “Cellular & Molecular Immunology/Cellular & molecular immunology” Tissue-resident memory T cells can protect against infections and cancer but may also contribute to autoimmune diseases.
May 2005 in “Cancer Research” Melanoma cells lose their ability to form tumors when placed in a zebrafish embryo environment.
2 citations
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September 2014 in “Nature reviews. Drug discover/Nature reviews. Drug discovery” Specific immune cells cause alopecia areata and blocking certain proteins can prevent it.
April 2023 in “Dermatologica Sinica” The Pemphigus Disease Area Index and Autoimmune Bullous Skin Disorder Intensity Score are the best tools for assessing pemphigus severity.
71 citations
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October 2013 in “Experimental Dermatology” Vitiligo and alopecia areata may have similar causes despite their differences.
July 2024 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” 3 citations
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July 2024 in “Annals of Biomedical Engineering” Multiphoton microscopy can effectively detect early endometrial cancer by analyzing collagen changes.
34 citations
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March 2009 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Proteomic analysis can identify genetic differences in mouse hair, helping understand hair defects and variations.
July 2025 in “Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology” UTMD with diclofenac and Doxil® improves cancer treatment by boosting immune response and reducing tumor-supporting cells.
43 citations
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August 1994 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” 
4 citations
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May 2025 in “npj Parkinson s Disease” PINK1 is important for controlling gut immune responses linked to early Parkinson's disease.
5 citations
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May 2023 in “Frontiers in Immunology” Advanced imaging methods have improved understanding of cancer cell interactions and treatment strategies.
2 citations
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September 2009 in “Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research” Melanocytes in different body areas have evolved to perform specific functions based on their location.