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GlossaryKeloid Scarring

overgrowth of dense, fibrous tissue extending beyond original wound

Keloid scarring refers to an overgrowth of dense, fibrous tissue that extends beyond the original wound boundaries, forming a raised, thickened scar. Unlike regular scars, keloids do not regress over time and can continue to grow, often causing discomfort or cosmetic concerns. They are more common in individuals with darker skin tones and can result from various skin injuries, including cuts, burns, or surgical incisions.

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research Recent Understandings of Biology, Prophylaxis and Treatment Strategies for Hypertrophic Scars and Keloids

305 citations , March 2018 in “International journal of molecular sciences”

The document concludes that the understanding of scar formation is incomplete and current prevention and treatment for hypertrophic scars and keloids are not fully effective.

research Keloid scars arising after follicular unit extraction hair transplantation

4 citations , January 2020 in “Journal of Cutaneous and Aesthetic Surgery”

Keloid scars can form after hair transplant surgery and should be prevented and treated early.

research LB1027 Identifying the mechanism of tension-associated tissue fibrosis based on single cell RNA sequencing on keloid scar

July 2024 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Mechanical tension worsens keloid scars by activating inflammation and fibrosis pathways.

research Dermatoscopic Patterns in Keloid, Hypertrophic, and Atrophic Scars: Cross-Sectional Analysis and Clinical Correlation

October 2025 in “Dermatology Practical & Conceptual”

Dermatoscopy helps track scar changes and guide treatment.

research ANDROGEN-DEPENDENT DERMOPATHY IN WOMEN WITH KELOID SCARS

January 2019 in “Paëmi Sino”

Women with keloid scars often have acne and hair loss, especially those with "true" keloids, indicating a possible hormonal imbalance.

research Pharmacotherapy for Keloids and Hypertrophic Scars

April 2024 in “International journal of molecular sciences”

Combination pharmacotherapy is generally more effective for treating keloids and hypertrophic scars.

research Regeneration of Dermis: Scarring and Cells Involved

176 citations , June 2019 in “Cells”

Different fibroblasts play key roles in skin healing and scarring.

research Toward understanding scarless skin wound healing and pathological scarring

113 citations , June 2019 in “F1000Research”

Scarless healing is complex and influenced by genetics and environment, while better understanding could improve scar treatment.

research Management of Post-Acne Scarring

81 citations , January 2000 in “American journal of clinical dermatology”

Various treatments can improve post-acne scars, but results vary.

research Follicular and Scarring Disorders in Skin of Color: Presentation and Management

30 citations , May 2014 in “American Journal of Clinical Dermatology”

The conclusion is that better understanding and more research are needed to effectively manage follicular and scarring disorders in skin of color, with an emphasis on patient education and cultural awareness.

research Fibroblasts become fat to reduce scarring

13 citations , February 2017 in “Science”

Turning scar-forming cells into fat cells can reduce scarring.

research Treating Scars of the Chin and Perioral Region

5 citations , February 2017 in “Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America”

Improve chin and perioral scars with surgery, resurfacing, and other therapies, tailored to each patient.

research Skin Structure and Function, Wound Healing and Scarring

3 citations , April 2021 in “Elsevier eBooks”

The document concludes that wound healing leads to skin repair or scar formation.

research Modern strategies for the prevention and treatment of post-burn scars (a systematic review)

July 2025 in “Russian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs”

Combining surgical and nonsurgical methods is key to reducing post-burn scars.

research Efficacy of Punch Excision Combined With Superficial X‐Ray for the Treatment of Keloids: A Single‐Center Retrospective Study

January 2025 in “Dermatologic Therapy”

Combining punch excision with superficial X-ray effectively improves keloid scars safely.

research 442 Deciphering the role of keloid fibroblasts in itch

November 2025 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Keloid fibroblasts cause itch and pain by releasing more histamine.

research Pathophysiology of the Burn Scar

10 citations , January 2018 in “Elsevier eBooks”

Burn scars heal abnormally and more research is needed to find better treatments.

research Pathophysiology of the burn scar

3 citations , January 2012 in “Elsevier eBooks”

Burn scars form abnormally due to changes in wound healing, and more research is needed to improve treatments.

research Why don't we have more effective treatment for keloids?

3 citations , January 2010 in “PubMed”

We lack effective keloid treatments because their causes are not well understood.

research Krox20 expression in abnormal scars: An immunohistochemical study

1 citations , April 2022 in “Journal of cosmetic dermatology”

Krox20 overexpression in fibroblasts may play a role in abnormal scar formation and could be a target for new treatments.

research 016 Anesthetics Prior to Keloid Injections: A Painless Approach

October 2017 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings”

Using lidocaine before keloid injections makes the treatment more comfortable for patients.

research [Methotrexate to treat SAPHO syndrome with keloidal scars].

10 citations , December 2011 in “PubMed”

Methotrexate effectively managed SAPHO syndrome symptoms when other treatments failed.

A Signature of Genes Including FGF11 Reveals Aberrant Fibroblast Activation and Immune Infiltration in Keloid Tissue

research A Signature of Genes Featuring FGF11 Revealed Aberrant Fibroblast Activation and Immune Infiltration Properties in Keloid Tissue

2 citations , August 2022 in “Emergency medicine international”

Keloid skin disorder involves abnormal fibroblast activation and immune response, linked to a group of genes including FGF11.

research Keloids in male genitalia—Systematic review and illustrative case report

3 citations , February 2024 in “Wound Repair and Regeneration”

Keloids on the penis are rare, often triggered by circumcision, and rarely recur after surgery.

research Potential genetic associations of acne scar phenotypes: IL1A in fibrotic scarring and CYB5R1 in atrophic scarring

April 2026 in “Biomedical Research and Therapy”

This study investigated genetic associations with acne scarring in 202 acne patients, revealing that CYB5R1 variants are potentially linked to atrophic scarring, while IL1A variants are associated with fibrotic scarring, including hypertrophic and keloid scars. No significant associations were found with the other genes studied (TNF, TLR4, FLG, and SPINK5). The findings suggest a polygenic nature of acne scarring, but further research with larger cohorts is needed for validation.