31 citations
,
January 2017 in “Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology” Low testosterone and 5α-reductase inhibitors can harm men's metabolic and sexual health; testosterone therapy may help, but discussing 5α-RIs' side effects is important.
29 citations
,
October 2020 in “eLife” Higher testosterone levels can increase the risk of certain diseases like type 2 diabetes in women and prostate cancer in men, but can also protect against autoimmune diseases and hair loss. It also affects body fat and bone density.
6 citations
,
August 2018 in “BMJ open sport and exercise medicine” Resistance training might help with PCOS symptoms, but more research is needed.
6 citations
,
August 2013 in “Fertility and Sterility” Eating cream can increase ovarian androgen production in women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, which is not related to obesity.
4 citations
,
June 2021 in “Applied Sciences” Women with PCOS have higher body fat and worse insulin resistance and lipid profiles.
February 2026 in “British Journal of Sports Medicine” Transgender women have similar fitness to cisgender women, while transgender men have higher fat and lower strength than cisgender men; hormone therapy affects body composition and strength.
December 2024 in “Frontiers in Neurology” Testosterone with finasteride improved muscle and bone health in men with spinal cord injury.
August 2013 in “Fertility and Sterility” High levels of fatty acids are linked to increased androgen production and inflammation in women with PCOS, which may affect IVF outcomes.
December 2010 in “TSpace” Activating androgen receptors in muscle can increase muscle mass and reduce fat.
November 2003 in “Aap Grand Rounds” Low-dose flutamide-metformin therapy effectively improved PCOS symptoms in adolescent girls.
39 citations
,
August 2001 in “Clinical endocrinology” Lean and obese women with PCOS have similar levels of insulin resistance, indicating it's a core aspect of the condition.
43 citations
,
January 1970 in “Acta Medica Scandinavica” Eating a small amount of lean meat daily is safer and more manageable for weight loss than total fasting.
2 citations
,
August 2022 in “Middle East Fertility Society Journal” The new rodent model successfully mimics non-lean human PCOS symptoms.
37 citations
,
June 2011 in “Journal of Cellular Biochemistry” Androgen is important in controlling stem cell differentiation, reducing fat development, and increasing lean mass.
December 2022 in “Nepal Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology” The most common form of PCOS in the group was anovulatory PCOS, with no cases of obese PCOS, highlighting the importance of assessing lean women with menstrual issues.
41 citations
,
June 2022 in “Biomedicines” PCOS should be reclassified into two types based on hormone levels and symptoms.
128 citations
,
December 2006 in “Journal of Biological Chemistry” Altering SSAT affects fat metabolism and body fat in mice.
22 citations
,
January 2012 in “Obstetrics and Gynecology International” Obese women with PCOS have more cardiovascular risk factors, and waist-to-stature ratio is a better health marker than waist-to-hip ratio.
20 citations
,
December 2016 in “American Journal of Clinical Dermatology” Men prefer less invasive cosmetic procedures and need different treatment approaches than women.
16 citations
,
January 2003 in “Nuclear Receptor Signaling” Androgens and SARMs play a role in body mass, frailty, skin health, and hair growth, and are used in treating prostate cancer, acne, and hair loss, with potential for new uses and improved versions in the future.
11 citations
,
November 2009 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology/The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology” Bolandiol, a synthetic steroid, builds muscle and bone without greatly affecting sex glands, and works differently from other hormones.
2 citations
,
May 2009 in “Hair transplant forum international” Keeping the head elevated for 1.5 days after hair transplant surgery helps prevent facial swelling.
December 2025 in “IntechOpen eBooks” BMI is not enough for assessing obesity in women; use more personalized tools.
July 2024 in “Behavioural Brain Research” Long-term finasteride treatment reduces depression and brain issues in obese male rats.
April 2018 in “Gynäkologische Endokrinologie” Testosterone in older women can increase bone density, muscle mass, fat mass, improve memory, and boost libido, but may cause nipple color changes.
211 citations
,
May 2013 in “Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging” MK-0773 safely increased muscle mass but did not improve muscle strength or function in elderly women with sarcopenia.
91 citations
,
November 2007 in “European journal of endocrinology” Metformin helps with PCOS symptoms no matter the patient's initial insulin resistance or weight.
61 citations
,
February 2001 in “American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology” Metabolic syndrome and PCOS are related but separate conditions, with metabolic syndrome increasing the risk of heart disease and diabetes.
34 citations
,
December 2012 in “Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care” Sex hormone treatments can increase muscle mass in older adults but have inconsistent effects on muscle function and may carry cardiovascular risks.
32 citations
,
October 2023 in “Biomedicines” PCOS causes inflammation regardless of body weight.