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GlossaryNeuropeptides

small protein-like molecules that neurons use to communicate

Neuropeptides are small protein-like molecules used by neurons to communicate with each other. They influence a variety of brain functions, including pain perception, reward, food intake, metabolism, reproduction, social behaviors, and learning. In the context of hair and alopecia, neuropeptides can affect hair growth by modulating the activity of hair follicle cells and influencing the local immune response.

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research Modulation of neuropeptide Y and Y₁ receptor expression in the amygdala by fluctuations in the brain content of neuroactive steroids during ethanol drinking discontinuation in Y₁R/LacZ transgenic mice

15 citations , November 2007 in “Journal of Neurochemistry”

Stopping alcohol after long-term use causes anxiety and changes brain chemicals.

research Changes in expression of the neuropeptide Y Y₁ receptor gene in the medial amygdala of transgenic mice during pregnancy and after delivery

12 citations , September 2002 in “Journal of Neurochemistry”

Pregnancy-related hormone changes affect Y1 receptor gene expression in mice.

Recent Advances in Neuropeptide-Related Omics and Gene Editing: Spotlight on NPY and Somatostatin and Their Roles in Growth and Food Intake of Fish

research Recent advances in neuropeptide-related omics and gene editing: Spotlight on NPY and somatostatin and their roles in growth and food intake of fish

October 2022 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology”

New tools show that in fish, NPY increases feeding and somatostatin decreases it.

research Neuropeptídeos na pele

27 citations , August 2003 in “Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia”

Neuropeptides affect skin inflammation, repair, and hair growth, with potential for therapy.

Stress Inhibits Hair Growth in Mice by Inducing Premature Catagen Development and Harmful Perifollicular Inflammatory Events via Neuropeptide Substance P-Dependent Pathways

research Stress Inhibits Hair Growth in Mice by Induction of Premature Catagen Development and Deleterious Perifollicular Inflammatory Events via Neuropeptide Substance P-Dependent Pathways

194 citations , March 2003 in “American Journal of Pathology”

Stress stops hair growth in mice by causing early hair growth phase end and harmful inflammation through a specific nerve-related pathway.

research Hair-Cycle-Associated Remodeling of the Peptidergic Innervation of Murine Skin, and Hair Growth Modulation by Neuropeptides

112 citations , February 2001 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Neuropeptides affect hair growth, with some speeding it up and others slowing it down.

Neuronal Plasticity of the Brain-Skin Connection: Stress-Triggered Up-Regulation of Neuropeptides in Dorsal Root Ganglia and Skin via Nerve Growth Factor-Dependent Pathways

research Neuronal plasticity of the “brain–skin connection”: stress-triggered up-regulation of neuropeptides in dorsal root ganglia and skin via nerve growth factor-dependent pathways

66 citations , July 2007 in “Journal of Molecular Medicine”

Stress increases certain chemicals in the skin and nerves, which might worsen skin conditions.

research [Implication of VEGF, steroid hormones and neuropeptides in hair follicle cell responses].

12 citations , May 2002 in “PubMed”

Hair growth is regulated by a combination of hormones, blood vessels, and nerve signals.

research Regulation of human hair growth: hormones and neuropeptides

January 2016 in “프로그램북(구 초록집)”

Hormones and neuropeptides affect hair growth, with androgens having opposite effects on beard and scalp hair.

research Increased expression of the gene for the Y₁ receptor of neuropeptide Y in the amygdala and paraventricular nucleus of Y₁R/LacZ transgenic mice in response to restraint stress

22 citations , April 2004 in “Journal of Neurochemistry”

Acute stress increases Y1 receptor gene expression in certain brain areas, but repeated stress does not.

research Somatosensory organization and behavior in naked mole‐rats: II. Peripheral structures, innervation, and selective lack of neuropeptides associated with thermoregulation and pain

101 citations , August 2003 in “Journal of comparative neurology”

Naked mole-rats have unique skin and hair nerve structures, lacking certain pain and temperature-related neuropeptides.

research Lymphocytes, neuropeptides, and genes involved in alopecia areata

286 citations , August 2007 in “Journal of Clinical Investigation”

Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disease where T cells attack hair follicles.

research Hair(y) Matters in Melanoma Biology

7 citations , May 2020 in “Trends in molecular medicine”

The document concludes that the immune-inhibitory environment of the hair follicle may prevent melanoma development.

research Sequence-structure based phylogeny of GPCR Class A Rhodopsin receptors

57 citations , May 2014 in “Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution”

The research found how GPCR Class A Rhodopsin receptors are related and suggested possible substances they interact with.

research Saliva secretion in engrafted mouse bioengineered salivary glands using taste stimulation

10 citations , January 2014 in “Journal of prosthodontic research”

Bioengineered salivary glands in mice can produce saliva when tasting sour or bitter, but have different protein levels and nerve signals compared to natural glands.

research [Peptidergic innervation in the sinus hair follicles of several mammalian species].

7 citations , October 1992 in “PubMed”

Sinus hair follicles in mammals have different nerve fiber types with species-specific patterns, especially in cats.

research Effects of SM-215 on Hair Growth by Hair Follicle Stimulation

2 citations , October 2015 in “Indian journal of science and technology”

SM-215 promotes hair growth by improving the environment around hair follicles.

research Neurological Mechanisms Exploration and Therapeutic Targets in Segmental Vitiligo Accompanied by White Hair

1 citations , April 2025 in “Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research”

Managing stress and nerve activity can help treat segmental vitiligo and white hair.

research The itchy scalp - scratching for an explanation

61 citations , October 2011 in “Experimental dermatology”

Scalp itching is common and hard to diagnose due to the complex nerve structure of the scalp.

research The brain–gut–skin axis in inflammatory and disfiguring skin diseases: mechanistic insights, clinical correlations, and therapeutic strategies

February 2026 in “Frontiers in Immunology”

Skin diseases like acne and psoriasis are linked to stress, gut health, and inflammation, with new treatments focusing on gut and mind-body approaches.

research Gene polymorphisms and serum levels of BDNF and CRH in vitiligo patients

July 2022 in “PLOS ONE”

Certain gene variations and different levels of BDNF and CRH hormones are linked to vitiligo.

research Role of neurogenic inflammation in the pathogenesis of alopecia areata

8 citations , April 2024 in “The Journal of Dermatology”

Neurogenic inflammation may play a role in hair loss in alopecia areata.

research A neuroendocrinological perspective on human hair follicle pigmentation

56 citations , November 2010 in “Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research”

Brain hormones significantly affect hair color and could potentially be used to prevent or reverse grey hair.

research Stress and Psychoneuroimmunologic Factors in Dermatology

34 citations , August 2005 in “Dermatologic Clinics”

Stress and emotional factors can worsen skin conditions by affecting the immune system.

research Recent advances in the role of neuroregulation in skin wound healing

12 citations , November 2024 in “Burns & Trauma”

Neuroregulation is crucial for skin wound healing and can be targeted to improve recovery.

research Neuroimmunomodulation in chronic wounds: an opinion

March 2025 in “Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology”

Improving nerve and immune interactions may help heal chronic wounds.

research Alopecia Areata: A tissue specific autoimmune disease of the hair follicle

185 citations , August 2005 in “Autoimmunity Reviews”

Alopecia areata is an autoimmune condition causing hair loss due to the immune system attacking hair follicles, often influenced by genetics and stress.

research Burden of Hair Loss: Stress and the Underestimated Psychosocial Impact of Telogen Effluvium and Androgenetic Alopecia

162 citations , August 2004 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Hair loss causes stress and affects mental health; treatment and support needed.

research Probing the Effects of Stress Mediators on the Human Hair Follicle

159 citations , December 2007 in “American Journal of Pathology”

Stress-related substance P may lead to hair loss and negatively affect hair growth.

research Overview of Alopecia Areata

110 citations , December 2013 in “The journal of investigative dermatology. Symposium proceedings/The Journal of investigative dermatology symposium proceedings”

Alopecia areata is a genetic and immune-related hair loss condition that is often associated with other autoimmune diseases and does not typically cause permanent damage to hair follicles.