February 2024 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” 5-α reductase inhibitors do not significantly affect male reproductive function but may reduce semen volume.
1 citations
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July 2021 in “Current Issues in Molecular Biology” Father's finasteride use may affect son's fertility and testicular function.
Finasteride and testosterone are the drugs most linked to male infertility, but many other potential drugs may be under-reported.
April 2022 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Treating hematospermia can improve sexual function and reduce anxiety.
111 citations
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May 2001 in “Human reproduction update” Insufficient androgen action in male fetuses can cause genital development issues due to genetic mutations or environmental chemicals.
8 citations
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January 2017 in “Fertility and Sterility” Urologic diseases and treatments in older men can negatively affect fertility, and doctors should talk to patients about this.
2 citations
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June 2024 in “Parasites & Vectors” Chronic T. gondii infection may harm male fertility.
174 citations
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July 2003 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Five new mutations in the androgen receptor gene were found, helping to understand androgen insensitivity syndrome better.
October 2017 in “Springer eBooks” A thorough initial check-up is essential before sperm banking to ensure the best chance of preserving good quality sperm.
3 citations
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February 2017 in “Archives of Medical Science” Finasteride treatment changes Cx43 in rat testes, possibly causing fertility issues.
122 citations
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July 1990 in “Teratology” Finasteride exposure in pregnancy causes genital abnormalities in male rats.
18 citations
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October 2018 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Some skin medications can harm male fertility, but they don't seem to cause birth defects from father's exposure.
46 citations
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August 2006 in “PubMed” A genetic defect causes males in some Mediterranean populations to be born with ambiguous genitalia and develop male traits at puberty.
November 2023 in “Brain Sciences” Some medications might contribute to male infertility, with finasteride showing a high number of reports.
34 citations
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February 1993 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology/The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology” Certain 4-azasteroids are effective at blocking the enzyme that processes testosterone in human skin and could help treat acne, excessive hair growth, and male pattern baldness.
August 2025 in “Andrology” Abraham's family infertility may have a genetic explanation.
2 citations
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February 2020 in “Rivista Urologia” Both terazosin and baclofen effectively reduce pain in young men with chronic testicular pain, with no difference in their effectiveness.
98 citations
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July 1983 in “Journal of Steroid Biochemistry” Individuals with this condition often develop male traits and identities at puberty despite being raised as females.
November 2024 in “Asian Journal of Biological Sciences” High consumption of avocado leaves harms male fertility.
February 2026 in “European Urology” July 2001 in “APMIS. Acta pathologica, microbiologica et immunologica Scandinavica./APMIS” Male children's genital development issues can be caused by genetic mutations or environmental factors affecting hormone action.
15 citations
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January 2017 in “Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology” 5α-Reductase inhibitors can negatively affect male sexual function and, in some cases, significantly reduce sperm count, but these effects may be reversible.
2 citations
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April 2019 in “Journal of Internal Medicine” Men using steroids or finasteride to look more attractive may harm their fertility and sexual function, creating a paradox where they seem fit but may be less able to reproduce.
February 2023 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” Too much male hormone in mothers can negatively affect the sexual behavior of both male and female baby mice.
9 citations
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July 2007 in “PubMed” Atrazine causes birth defects in rats, and finasteride can reliably create a hypospadias model.
17 citations
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May 2021 in “Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics” COVID-19 may harm male fertility and damage the reproductive system.
November 2025 in “Basic and Clinical Andrology” Male relatives of women with PCOS show similar health issues, suggesting a male version of the condition.
May 2019 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” Testosterone significantly affects urination differences between male and female mice.
5 citations
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December 2012 in “PubMed” Stopping the use of the drug finasteride can improve sperm count and does not prevent normal conception, but caution is advised when trying to conceive.
4 citations
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October 2000 in “Contraception” The right dosage of CPA and TB can work as a safe and reversible male contraceptive in monkeys.