November 2023 in “npj regenerative medicine” Skin spheroids with both outer and inner layers are key for regrowing skin patterns and hair.
1 citations
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January 2023 in “Burns & Trauma” Wnt4 protein makes the outer skin layer thicker in burn wounds by turning on a specific healing pathway and loosening the connections between skin cells.
149 citations
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July 2000 in “Molecular and Cellular Biology” Keratin 6a is important for quick wound healing from hair follicles.
57 citations
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January 2014 in “Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine” Skin stem cells maintain and repair the outer layer of skin, with some types being essential for healing wounds.
10 citations
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November 2016 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” A tough membrane between the outer and inner layers of human hair protects it from damage.
January 2013 in “IRIS UNIMORE (University of Modena and Reggio Emilia)” Hydrophobized silica nanoparticles penetrate the skin's outer layer more effectively, while hair follicle density doesn't impact their accumulation.
104 citations
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July 1994 in “The Journal of Cell Biology” Basonuclin helps keratinocytes multiply and prevents them from fully maturing.
4 citations
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January 2000 Piedraia hortae fungi dissolve both the outer and inner layers of hair.
1 citations
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January 2013 in “Journal of clinical & experimental dermatology research” Melatonin may help whisker growth in mice.
December 2025 in “Doğu Fen Bilimleri Dergisi” Vimentin, desmin, and laminin help maintain rat skin structure.
January 2025 in “Dermatology Review” Trichilemmal carcinoma is rare, usually benign after removal, but needs close follow-up due to recurrence risks.
August 2016 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” EZH2 is essential for hair growth and skin cell development.
94 citations
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October 1994 in “The Journal of Cell Biology” Too much keratin 16 in mice skin causes abnormal skin thickening and structure.
18 citations
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June 2018 in “Journal of Dental Research” Msx2 is essential for proper enamel formation by preventing abnormal cell transformation.
September 2019 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Sox13 is a new marker for early hair follicle development and differentiation.
375 citations
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June 2013 in “Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular cell research” Cornification is how skin cells die to form the protective outer layer of skin, hair, and nails.
87 citations
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February 2000 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Stem cells in developing hair follicles move to specific areas as they mature.
70 citations
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November 1984 in “Cell & tissue research/Cell and tissue research” Vitamin D3 affects cell differentiation in specific skin areas.
32 citations
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March 1988 in “International Journal of Dermatology” Retinoids can help treat skin disorders by improving the skin's outer layer.
11 citations
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May 2013 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” KRTAP10 proteins help form the hair shaft's tough outer layer by interacting with specific hair keratins.
November 2025 in “Scientific Reports” COVID-19 may cause hair loss by affecting hair follicles.
January 2017 in “Durham e-Theses (Durham University)” Chemical stressors damage hair structure but the skin's outer layer protects living cells.
January 2010 in “Chinese Journal of Aesthetic Medicine” Melasma skin has more melanin and signs of aging, with strong CK10 expression linked to cell differentiation and aging.
3 citations
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July 1990 in “PubMed” Human hair follicles can grow and form structures in a collagen gel, useful for studying hair cell growth.
1 citations
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July 2022 in “Pakistan biomedical journal” Transethosomes improve drug delivery through the skin by overcoming the outer skin layer's barrier.
100 citations
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September 1999 in “British Journal of Dermatology” The study found that two enzymes linked to hair loss are located in different parts of the scalp, supporting a common treatment's effectiveness.
April 2020 in “Journal of animal research” Canine hair follicles have stem cells in the bulge region.
49 citations
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July 2006 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Calcifying epithelioma cells can differentiate into hair cortex and outer root sheath.
45 citations
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December 2007 in “The FASEB journal” There are two types of stem cells in rodent hair follicles, each with different keratin proteins.
37 citations
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February 2007 in “Experimental Dermatology” Increasing PDCD4 protein may help prevent or treat some skin cancers.