2 citations
,
October 2023 in “Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences” Different PADI isoforms help cells develop diverse functions.
September 2025 in “Science Advances” PADI4 enzyme slows down cell growth in developing hair follicles.
119 citations
,
November 2016 in “American journal of human genetics” Mutations in three genes cause Uncombable Hair Syndrome, leading to frizzy hair that can't be combed flat.
95 citations
,
February 2019 in “The New England Journal of Medicine” Mutations in the PADI3 gene are linked to a higher risk of scarring hair loss in women of African descent.
49 citations
,
November 2013 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” Vitamin D receptor helps control skin cell growth and hair development.
22 citations
,
April 2020 in “Scientific reports” Changthangi goats have specific genes that help produce Pashmina wool.
5 citations
,
February 2019 in “The New England Journal of Medicine” Certain mutations in the PADI3 gene may increase the risk of developing a type of scarring hair loss common in women of African descent.
4 citations
,
November 2020 in “BMC Dermatology” Researchers identified genes in scalp hair follicles that may affect hair traits and hair loss.
4 citations
,
January 2017 in “Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin” Inhibiting ALOX12 can help hair cuticle maturation by increasing S100A3 citrullination.
2 citations
,
March 2024 in “Pediatric Dermatology” Two siblings have a rare hair condition caused by a new genetic variant.
2 citations
,
October 2023 in “Philosophical transactions - Royal Society. Biological sciences” Enzymes that change arginine to citrulline are important for skin barrier and hair formation, and their malfunction can lead to skin conditions and hair disorders.
2 citations
,
May 2020 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Hair shaft changes may be linked to CCCA, but their role is unclear.
1 citations
,
June 2022 in “Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening” A young boy's uncombable hair is due to a rare genetic condition that usually improves over time.
November 2025 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Genetic variants in specific genes cause central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia.
November 2024 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Genetic changes in specific proteins contribute to hair loss in some women of African descent.
January 2022 in “Acta dermatovenerologica Alpina, Pannonica et Adriatica (Tiskana izd.)” Uncombable hair syndrome causes frizzy hair and can affect the nervous system, eyes, and ears, often co-occurring with other hair, skin, nail, and teeth conditions, and is linked to three specific gene mutations.
March 2026 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Genetic factors, especially PADI3 gene variants, contribute to CCCA in women of African descent.
September 2024 in “Portuguese Journal of Dermatology and Venereology” CCCA and LPP may be related hair loss conditions influenced by genetics and environment, needing early treatment.
February 2024 in “International Journal of Dermatology” The document concludes that more local research on African skin and hair is needed despite increased scientific output from Sub-Saharan Africa.
August 2023 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” CCCA affects Black men too, with a genetic link found in the PADI3 gene.
December 2022 in “American journal of medical genetics. Part A” A person got uncombable hair syndrome from two copies of chromosome 1 from their mother.
September 2021 in “CRC Press eBooks” CCCA is a common hair loss condition in African American women, often inherited and influenced by hairstyling, with unique scalp features detectable by special tools.
Mutations in the PADI3 gene may cause central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia in women of African ancestry.
September 2019 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” CCCA in women of African ancestry may be caused by PADI3 gene mutations and intense hair grooming.
124 citations
,
November 2000 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” PAD3 plays a key role in hair and skin protein structure and may be linked to skin diseases.
71 citations
,
June 2005 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” PAD enzymes play a key role in hair growth and structure.
62 citations
,
December 2007 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry” A specific chemical change in the S100A3 protein leads to the formation of a four-part structure important for hair formation.
May 2023 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” A potential treatment for atopic dermatitis could be to increase PADI1 expression to improve skin barrier function.
Padina arborescens and its component MOGG may help prevent hair loss through several actions, including blocking a hair loss-related enzyme.
57 citations
,
January 2020 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” PADs are crucial for healthy skin and hair, and their imbalance can cause skin and hair disorders.