128 citations
,
March 2016 in “Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin” Smaller nanoparticles penetrate skin better, especially through hair follicles.
110 citations
,
January 2014 in “Journal of Controlled Release” Phospholipid-coated nanoparticles penetrate hair follicles better than others, especially in pig ears.
69 citations
,
January 2002 in “Journal of biomedical optics” Dyes can penetrate human skin and hair follicles up to 1.2 mm deep and the sebaceous gland can store dye; Indocyanine Green lotion was made for safe dyeing and monitoring.
37 citations
,
November 2024 in “Cosmetics” Ethosomes enhance skin penetration better than liposomes, benefiting therapeutic and cosmetic applications.
36 citations
,
July 2004 in “Journal of Controlled Release” The dye quickly penetrates hair follicles, mainly through the gap, not the surrounding skin.
26 citations
,
April 2024 in “Particle and Fibre Toxicology” Nanoplastics can penetrate skin cells, triggering inflammation and immune responses.
18 citations
,
August 2019 in “Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy” Quercetin-loaded nanoparticles can penetrate skin, minimize hair loss, and promote hair regrowth, showing slightly better results than a marketed product.
15 citations
,
February 2023 in “Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces” Smaller curcumin nanocrystals penetrate skin better, but additives and particle size affect absorption and accumulation.
3 citations
,
February 2024 in “Wound Repair and Regeneration” Keloids on the penis are rare, often triggered by circumcision, and rarely recur after surgery.
December 2023 in “Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin” IPM enhances skin penetration of hydrophilic drugs.
April 2021 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” Topical folates can penetrate skin and enhance wound healing.
June 2020 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” Reptiles on the Absheron Peninsula accumulate toxic elements in their tissues but survive due to tissue resilience.
April 2020 in “The Journal of Urology” Big chain pharmacies in Pennsylvania charge significantly more for generic BPH medications than independent pharmacies, but independent pharmacies have more regional price variation.
January 2013 in “IRIS UNIMORE (University of Modena and Reggio Emilia)” Hydrophobized silica nanoparticles penetrate the skin's outer layer more effectively, while hair follicle density doesn't impact their accumulation.
205 citations
,
January 2005 in “Skin pharmacology and physiology” Liposomes and niosomes can help drugs penetrate the skin better.
39 citations
,
August 2017 in “Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces” 50-nm nanoparticles are better at penetrating skin and targeting hair follicles for drug delivery than 100-nm ones.
34 citations
,
July 2011 in “International journal of pharmaceutics” Ion-paired risedronate significantly increases skin penetration without irritation compared to risedronate alone.
32 citations
,
November 2020 in “Nanomaterials” Excipients greatly affect how well curcumin nanocrystals penetrate the skin and target hair follicles.
23 citations
,
October 2006 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” Ethosomal minoxidil improves hair growth by penetrating deeper into skin and shortening hair cycle.
21 citations
,
July 2015 in “International Journal of Nanomedicine” Increased liposome fluidity boosts skin penetration of sodium fluorescein.
16 citations
,
November 2020 in “International journal of pharmaceutics” Using longer PEG chains helps nanoparticles penetrate hair follicles better, improving drug delivery for conditions like alopecia.
9 citations
,
March 2018 in “Plastic and Aesthetic Research” Direct hair implantation with special pens improves hair transplant precision and effectiveness.
2 citations
,
March 2024 in “Pharmaceutics” The placebo microneedle stamp didn't penetrate skin and caused less pain, but blinding was only effective for those with low skin sensitivity.
1 citations
,
April 2023 in “Langmuir” Damaged hair allows water to penetrate more easily, and fatty acids from shampoos can deposit on hair surfaces.
April 2025 in “Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences” Spanlastics can improve drug delivery by effectively penetrating biological membranes.
January 2023 in “The Annals of african surgery” Hormone treatment before hypospadias surgery can increase penis size and reduce surgery complications.
Liposomes with minoxidil and PEP penetrate skin slowly but reach deeper layers than foam.
January 2018 in “Refubium (Universitätsbibliothek der Freien Universität Berlin)” Polymeric nanoparticles effectively control corticosteroid release and penetration for skin applications.
56 citations
,
January 1996 in “Journal of Forensic Sciences” Dye enters hair at the edges of cuticle cells and penetrates more from water than alcohol-based solutions.
55 citations
,
June 2013 in “Dermatologic Surgery” Ablative fractional resurfacing could improve how well topical drugs penetrate the skin, but more research is needed to fine-tune the method.