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GlossaryPolyethylene Glycol 400

water-soluble polymer used in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics

Polyethylene Glycol 400 (PEG 400) is a type of polymer commonly used in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and personal care products as a solvent, plasticizer, and moisture-carrying agent. It is valued for its ability to dissolve a wide range of substances and its low toxicity, making it suitable for use in products like skin creams, hair treatments, and certain medications.

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Effect of Tocopheryl Polyethylene Glycol Succinate on the Percutaneous Penetration of Minoxidil from Water/Ethanol/Polyethylene Glycol 400 Solutions

research Effect of Tocopheryl Polyethylene Glycol Succinate on the Percutaneous Penetration of Minoxidil from Water/Ethanol/Polyethylene Glycol 400 Solutions

11 citations , January 2006 in “Drug development and industrial pharmacy”

Adding TPGS to minoxidil solutions can improve skin penetration and retention, especially in water and PEG 400-based solutions.

research Moringa oleifera Seed Oil Nanoemulsion Using Tween 80 and Polyethylene Glycol 400: Oil Characterization and Formula Optimization

April 2025 in “Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research”

The optimized Moringa seed oil nanoemulsion may help with hair growth.

Optimization of Polyethylene Glycol 400 and Glycerol Composition as Humectant in Anti-Hair Loss Cream Formula with Saw Palmetto Extract (Serenoa Repens): Application of Factorial Design

research Optimasi komposisi polietilen glikol 400 dan gliserol sebagai humectant dalam formula krim anti hair loss ekstrak saw palmetto [Serenoa repens] : aplikasi desain faktorial

January 2007

Polyethylene glycol 400 and glycerol are effective as moisturizers in anti-hair loss cream with saw palmetto extract.

research In-Vitro Release of Zinc Pyrithione from A Shampoo Base and the Effects of Various Additives on its Release Rate

3 citations , January 1985 in “Drug development and industrial pharmacy”

Additives like ethanol and propylene glycol increase the release of zinc pyrithione from shampoo.

research Optimized skin optical clearing for optical coherence tomography monitoring of encapsulated drug delivery through the hair follicles

19 citations , January 2020 in “Journal of Biophotonics”

A PEG-400/oleic acid mixture best improves drug delivery monitoring through hair follicles.

research Polyethylene-Glycol-Ornamented Small Intestinal Submucosa Biosponge for Skin Tissue Engineering

8 citations , April 2019 in “ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering”

The new SIS-PEG sponge is a promising material for skin regeneration and hair growth.

Simultaneous Effects of Tocopheryl Polyethylene Glycol Succinate on Local Hair Growth Promotion and Systemic Absorption of Topically Applied Minoxidil in a Mouse Model

research Simultaneous effects of tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS) on local hair growth promotion and systemic absorption of topically applied minoxidil in a mouse model

18 citations , October 2005 in “International Journal of Pharmaceutics”

Adding a small amount of TPGS to minoxidil can help hair growth, but too much TPGS reduces this effect and increases minoxidil in the blood.

research Simultaneous effects of tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS) on local hair growth promotion and systemic absorption of topically applied minoxidil in a mouse model.

January 2005 in “Belarusian State Pedagogical University repository (Belarusian State Pedagogical University)”

0.5% TPGS boosts hair growth with minoxidil, but 2% TPGS increases minoxidil absorption.

research Design and In Vitro Evaluation of Finasteride-Loaded Liquid Crystalline Nanoparticles for Topical Delivery

58 citations , December 2012 in “Aaps Pharmscitech”

LCN may improve finasteride delivery for hair loss treatment.

High-Resolution Structures of Mutants Affecting Access to the Ligand-Binding Cavity of Human Lipocalin-Type Prostaglandin D Synthase

research High-resolution structures of mutants of residues that affect access to the ligand-binding cavity of human lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase

5 citations , July 2014 in “Acta Crystallographica Section D-biological Crystallography”

Mutations in the enzyme don't significantly change how it binds to its specific substances.

research Keratinocytes maintain compartmentalization between dermal papilla and fibroblasts in 3D heterotypic tri‐cultures

16 citations , August 2019 in “Cell Proliferation”

Keratinocytes help keep hair follicle cells and skin cells separate in 3D cultures, which is important for hair growth research.

research Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Hair Gel Containing Fenugreek Seed Extract for Nourishment and Hair Growth

3 citations , July 2019 in “International journal of scientific research in science and technology”

Herbal hair gel with fenugreek seed extract was found to increase hair growth.

In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Biologically Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles for Topical Applications: Effect of Surface Coating and Loading into Hydrogels

research In vitro and in vivo evaluation of biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles for topical applications: effect of surface coating and loading into hydrogels

130 citations , January 2017 in “International journal of nanomedicine”

Silver nanoparticles coated with substances like PEG showed strong antibacterial effects and improved wound healing when used in hydrogels.

research Impact of substrate stiffness on dermal papilla aggregates in microgels

12 citations , January 2018 in “Biomaterials Science”

Softer hydrogel surfaces help maintain hair growth-related functions in skin cells.

research Fabrication of a 3D hair follicle‐like hydrogel by soft lithography

26 citations , March 2013 in “Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A”

Researchers created a 3D hydrogel that mimics human hair follicles, which may help with hair loss treatments.

research Vitamin E TPGS based transferosomes augmented TAT as a promising delivery system for improved transdermal delivery of raloxifene

30 citations , December 2019 in “PLoS ONE”

The new delivery system improved raloxifene's skin absorption and effectiveness against cancer cells.

research Determination of Phenolic Compounds Composition of Water Extracts of Equisetum arvense (L.)

May 2024 in “NATIONS UNIVERSITY INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTI-DISCIPLINARY STUDIES”

Polyethylene glycol improves the extraction of beneficial compounds from horsetail.

research A 3R (remove-remodel-repair)-Integrated Self-Assembled Chlorella-Gelatin-PEG Hydrogel for Diabetic Wound Healing

June 2025 in “Materials Today Bio”

CPGel hydrogel heals diabetic wounds effectively in 21 days.

research Comparative analysis of 3D and 2D cell-culturing methods in hair follicle spheroid morphogenesis and drug responsiveness

1 citations , July 2025 in “Biomaterials Advances”

3D cultures respond better to minoxidil, while 2D cultures respond better to DHT.

research Laccase-catalyzed poly(tyrosine) grafting improves the performance of wool

January 2024 in “Authorea (Authorea)”

Using laccase to add poly(tyrosine) to wool makes it less likely to shrink and stronger.

research Pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin: Metamorphosis of an Old Drug into a New Form of Chemotherapy

522 citations , January 2001 in “Cancer investigation”

Doxil is an effective, modified chemotherapy drug with a unique toxicity profile and shows promise in treating certain cancers.

research Skin deposition and permeation of finasteridein vitro: effects of propylene glycol, ethanol and sodium lauryl sulfate

5 citations , August 2014 in “Pharmaceutical Development and Technology”

Propylene glycol and ethanol increase finasteride skin absorption, sodium lauryl sulfate doesn't.

Minoxidil-Encapsulated Poly(L-Lactide-Co-Glycolide) Nanoparticles with Hair Follicle Delivery Properties Prepared Using Solvent Evaporation and Sonication

research Minoxidil-encapsulated poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles with hair follicle delivery properties prepared using W/O/W solvent evaporation and sonication

13 citations , February 2018 in “Bio-medical Materials and Engineering”

Minoxidil inside tiny particles can deliver more drug to hair follicles, potentially improving treatment for hair loss.

research Bioinspired tuning of glycol chitosan for 3D cell culture

61 citations , September 2016 in “NPG Asia Materials”

Glycol chitosan hydrogels enable quick, safe 3D cell spheroid formation for various applications.

Surface Modification and Endothelialization of Biomaterials as Potential Scaffolds for Vascular Tissue Engineering Applications

research Surface modification and endothelialization of biomaterials as potential scaffolds for vascular tissue engineering applications

421 citations , January 2015 in “Chemical Society Reviews”

Improving artificial vascular grafts requires better materials and surface designs to reduce blood clotting and support blood vessel cell growth.

research Hair Follicle Targeting and Dermal Drug Delivery with Curcumin Drug Nanocrystals—Essential Influence of Excipients

32 citations , November 2020 in “Nanomaterials”

Excipients greatly affect how well curcumin nanocrystals penetrate the skin and target hair follicles.

Effects of Solvent System and Storage Condition on Chemical Stability of 5α-Reductase Inhibitor Compounds in Tectona Grandis Leaf Extracts

research Effects of Solvent System and Storage Condition on Chemical Stability of 5(alpha)-Reductase Inhibitor Compounds in Tectona grandis L.f. Leaf Extracts

February 2024 in “Trends in Sciences”

Store Tectona grandis leaf extracts in slightly acidic, light-protected conditions for best stability.