June 2026 in “Kocatepe Veterinary Journal” PRP injections may slightly improve testicular development in male lambs.
9 citations
,
August 1992 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism”
May 2022 in “Clinical Epigenetics” A mother's iron levels early in pregnancy can influence the DNA makeup of her child, potentially affecting the child's health.
2 citations
,
April 2023 in “Pharmaceuticals” Testosterone therapy for postmenopausal women appears safe and may protect against heart disease, but requires constant monitoring and more research for long-term effects.
1 citations
,
January 2019 Higher testosterone in females with PCOS is linked to depression and cognitive issues, but anti-androgen treatment can help.
1 citations
,
January 2022 in “Transgender health” Hormone therapy in transgender individuals can increase acne and affect hair growth and loss.
23 citations
,
January 2007 in “Archives of Andrology” Finasteride may negatively affect male fertility.
147 citations
,
October 2004 in “Experimental dermatology” Hormones like testosterone affect skin functions and can cause skin issues when in excess; treatments to manage these effects are only somewhat effective.
17 citations
,
August 2019 in “Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases” Low testosterone in men is a risk factor for a specific heart rhythm issue, and testosterone treatment may help prevent it.
14 citations
,
October 2022 in “Journal of the American Heart Association” Lower testosterone levels may increase heart failure risk in older men.
25 citations
,
July 2006 in “Journal of Neurochemistry” Progesterone affects GABAA receptor function by altering δ subunit levels.
December 2025 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” Pregnant women should avoid handling crushed finasteride tablets, but exposure through a male partner's semen is minimal.
173 citations
,
November 2004 in “Seminars in Reproductive Medicine” Adrenarche increases adrenal androgens around age 6, affecting hair growth and development.
38 citations
,
May 2021 in “International Journal of Infectious Diseases” Low testosterone may indicate severe COVID-19 in men.
7 citations
,
October 2024 in “Livers” Sex hormones affect liver fat and metabolic health differently in men and women.
43 citations
,
November 1975 in “Archives of Dermatology” Testosterone affects hair loss, acne, and excessive hair growth, and antiandrogens can help treat these conditions.
January 2026 in “Frontiers in Pharmacology” Certain drugs can cause male infertility, so fertility counseling and sperm preservation are advised.
4 citations
,
January 2006 in “PubMed” DHT deficiency may disrupt rat epididymis function by affecting estrogen receptors.
25 citations
,
September 2014 in “Pharmacotherapy” Hormone therapy can improve mental health and quality of life for people with gender dysphoria, but long-term effects need more research.
October 1995 in “Pediatric Research”
29 citations
,
February 2016 in “Scandinavian journal of urology” Late puberty may slightly lower prostate cancer risk, baldness is not linked to overall risk but less so with aggressive types, ibuprofen use may increase risk, and vitamins show no effect on risk.
14 citations
,
May 2022 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” Lower testosterone levels increase kidney stone risk in men over 40.
11 citations
,
May 2024 in “Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology” Fetal ovaries produce different hormones than adult ovaries, and endocrine-disrupting chemicals may affect this process.
Long-term finasteride use may affect sperm structure and chromosomes.
2 citations
,
April 2019 in “Journal of Internal Medicine” Men using steroids or finasteride to look more attractive may harm their fertility and sexual function, creating a paradox where they seem fit but may be less able to reproduce.
9 citations
,
August 1952 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” A 17-year-old female with adrenogenital syndrome produces very high levels of androgens, which prevent complete feminization despite high estrogen doses.
417 citations
,
February 2004 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Testosterone therapy increases bone density in older men with low testosterone levels.
October 2022 in “Springer eBooks” The document concludes that personalized hormonal treatments are important for transgender individuals and more research is needed for non-binary treatments.
18 citations
,
March 2002 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Estrogen increases blood vessel growth factor production, while testosterone blocks this increase.
11 citations
,
January 2000 in “Der Hautarzt” Male hypogonadism affects skin and hair, causing thin skin, less hair, and skin reactions to treatment.