77 citations
,
July 2013 in “Best Practice & Research in Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology” Menopause reduces skin collagen and elasticity, and while estrogen therapy can help, its risks require careful consideration.
26 citations
,
October 2020 in “Biomedicines” Bioengineered skin models help reduce animal testing and advance research in cosmetics and skin disease.
8 citations
,
December 2024 in “Frontiers in Medicine” Damaged skin has a weakened barrier, making it more vulnerable to substances and inflammation.
5 citations
,
October 2020 in “Bioengineering & translational medicine” Researchers used a laser to create advanced skin models with hair-like structures.
4 citations
,
April 2022 in “Microorganisms” Povidone iodine reduced skin bacteria more than chlorhexidine gluconate, but neither met FDA reduction standards.
December 2025 in “Advanced Healthcare Materials” The Spherical Skin Model improves drug and cosmetic testing by accurately mimicking human skin for efficient compound screening.
8 citations
,
February 2025 in “Molecules” A bioink with 15% gelatin and 150 mM calcium chloride works best for 3D printing skin models.
82 citations
,
May 2009 in “BJCP. British journal of clinical pharmacology/British journal of clinical pharmacology” Caffeine penetrates human skin in lab tests similarly to real-life conditions, but actual skin use is still essential for accurate results.
3 citations
,
April 2015 in “International research journal of pharmacy” Gentamicin penetrates pig skin better through open hair follicles than blocked ones.
1 citations
,
January 2026 in “Science Advances” The 3D skin model mimics pemphigus vulgaris and helps test treatments.
Folate salts penetrate skin well and improve wound healing, suggesting potential for skin treatments.
July 2026 in “Organoid Research” A unified framework is needed to improve skin organoid construction for research and clinical use.
November 2025 in “Advanced Healthcare Materials” Bioprinting is improving skin models for better testing of skin diseases without using animals.
July 2016 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Scientists created a new 3D skin model from cells of plucked hairs that works like real skin and is easier to get.
69 citations
,
January 2002 in “Journal of biomedical optics” Dyes can penetrate human skin and hair follicles up to 1.2 mm deep and the sebaceous gland can store dye; Indocyanine Green lotion was made for safe dyeing and monitoring.
103 citations
,
March 2011 in “PLoS Biology” Birds can lose neck feathers due to a genetic change that increases a gene's activity, helping them adapt to heat.
20 citations
,
November 2019 in “Current Opinion in Systems Biology” The document concludes that computational models are useful for understanding immune responses and could improve cancer immunotherapy.
February 2026 in “Nature Communications” A specific group of immune and skin cells may cause chronic inflammation in atopic dermatitis.
32 citations
,
August 2024 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” In vitro skin models are improving but still need more innovation to fully replicate human skin.
18 citations
,
October 2016 in “European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics” The drug was successfully released into hair follicles using nanocarriers.
13 citations
,
September 2021 in “Communications Biology” Co5M offers a new way to observe and understand wound healing without labels.
6 citations
,
January 2022 in “Database” The data set helps improve predictions of how substances are absorbed through pig skin.
8 citations
,
June 2019 in “Pharmaceutical research” Applying heat with certain chemicals can greatly improve how well isotretinoin gets into the skin through hair follicles.
353 citations
,
November 2014 in “Molecular immunology” Porcine skin is very similar to human skin, making it a useful model for research.
46 citations
,
March 2011 in “Science Advances” 3D bioprinting can now create skin with hair-like structures for medical use.
21 citations
,
November 2020 in “European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics” Low-frequency skin massage helps nanoparticles penetrate hair follicles better.
November 2023 in “Linköping University medical dissertations” Keratinocytes and adipose-derived stem cells can effectively heal difficult skin wounds.
50 citations
,
December 2000 in “Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences” Hair follicles significantly enhance electroosmotic transport during iontophoresis.
94 citations
,
May 2011 in “BJCP. British journal of clinical pharmacology/British journal of clinical pharmacology” Hair follicles greatly increase caffeine absorption through the skin shortly after it's applied.
Hair follicles can effectively absorb nano-sized particles, making them potential targets for localized drug delivery.