April 2019 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Mosaic Klinefelter syndrome can affect male fertility and may be missed in routine tests.
January 2026 in “Brazilian Journal of Development” Early diagnosis and surgery can improve symptoms of ovarian hyperthecosis in postmenopausal women.
November 2023 in “JCEM Case Reports” A postmenopausal woman's excess male hormone symptoms improved after her ovaries were removed.
A 10-year-old girl's symptoms improved after surgery to remove a benign adrenal tumor.
November 2022 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A boy with a new NR5A1 gene mutation has a sex development disorder without affecting his adrenal glands.
2 citations
,
August 2011 in “Revista Medica De Chile” A postmenopausal woman's high testosterone levels and symptoms improved after removing a tumor from her ovary.
16 citations
,
February 2014 in “Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal” Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) affects Iranian women's feelings of femininity and self-image.
1 citations
,
January 2018 in “Journal of SAFOMS” A rare ovarian tumor can cause unusual male-like symptoms, but surgery usually leads to a good outcome.
19 citations
,
March 2004 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Testosterone and letrozole treatment speeds up puberty in boys with delayed development.
78 citations
,
August 1996 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” The same gene mutation can cause different symptoms in family members.
1 citations
,
January 2010 in “Endocrine abstracts” 66 citations
,
March 1998 in “Mayo Clinic Proceedings” Removing a testosterone-producing tumor cured a woman's sleep apnea and other symptoms.
7 citations
,
April 2000 in “Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine” February 2023 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Transgender patients on masculinizing hormones have higher hair loss rates than cisgender women.
157 citations
,
May 2016 in “Plastic and reconstructive surgery/PSEF CD journals” Facial feminization surgery is safe and patients are satisfied, but more detailed research is needed.
October 2025 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Ovarian hyperthecosis can cause high testosterone and symptoms like hair loss, and surgery can help improve these symptoms.
November 2007 in “Neuro-chirurgie/Neurochirurgie” Cyproterone acetate is a safe treatment that causes mild feminizing effects and is more effective with added estrogens.
Bilateral Orchiectomy effectively reduces the need for anti-androgen medication in most transgender females.
1 citations
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January 2020 in “Elsevier eBooks” Hormone therapy is safe and effective for transgender adults, but requires regular monitoring and mental health support.
April 2020 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Male pattern baldness may indicate arterial stiffness in transgender men on long-term testosterone therapy.
2170 citations
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September 2017 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” A multidisciplinary approach is crucial for safe and effective hormone treatment in gender-dysphoric individuals, with specific guidelines for adolescents and adults.
5 citations
,
March 2019 in “Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America” The document concludes that gender-affirming treatments are essential for transgender individuals and outlines safe hormone therapy practices.
January 2016 in “Dermatology Online Journal” Hormonal therapy changes skin and hair in transgender patients, who need better researched dermatologic care.
January 2019 in “The Annals of Thoracic Surgery” The document concludes that careful planning and execution of facial gender affirmation surgery after at least 12 months of hormonal therapy can improve the quality of life for transgender individuals.
Finasteride reduces prostate size and DHT in male mastomys but not in females.
5 citations
,
January 2017 in “Acta Endocrinologica” High androgen levels in postmenopausal women may suggest an ovarian tumor, and removing it can improve heart and metabolic health.
44 citations
,
December 2005 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” Combining 5α-reductase and aromatase inhibitors may better reduce estrogen levels.
Testosterone's health effects are complex and not definitively understood.
10 citations
,
October 2012 in “Andrology” Prostate cancer can progress even with low testosterone due to internal hormone production in the tumor.
7 citations
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September 2022 in “Communications biology” Omega-6 fats in certain cells boost male hormone production.