22 citations
,
May 2006 in “Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes” Calculated testosterone values are reliable for assessing hyperandrogenemia in women, making direct measurement unnecessary.
6 citations
,
July 2016 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” PSA levels are higher in women with PCOS, but FAI is a more accurate marker for diagnosis.
4 citations
,
January 2019 in “Clinical Chemistry” Diagnosing Polycystic Ovary Syndrome is hard due to varying symptoms, no set criteria, and the need for better tests and education.
October 2025 in “Journal of Bahria University Medical and Dental College” Free testosterone is the most common hormone marker in PCOS, and age affects DHEAS levels.
13 citations
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March 2019 in “Physiological Research” Overweight women with PCOS have higher levels of certain hormones that could indicate a higher risk of heart and metabolic problems.
October 2025 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Surgery improved symptoms and normalized hormone levels in a woman with an adrenal tumor.
January 2025 in “Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences” The Cyp11a1 gene variation has a weak link to PCOS, but higher di-hydro-testosterone levels are found in PCOS patients.
75 citations
,
July 2013 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Taking low-dose spironolactone and metformin together works better for PCOS symptoms than either drug alone.
16 citations
,
January 2000 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” Antiandrogen drugs can reduce PSA levels in women with excess hair, suggesting PSA is a sign of male hormone activity in women.
9 citations
,
August 2021 in “Biomedicines” 17β-estradiol boosts APE1/Ref-1 secretion in cells and mice via a calcium-dependent pathway.
September 2023 in “International Journal of Trichology” Adipose-derived stem cells may help with hair loss, but more research is needed.
July 2025 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Breezula® may be more effective than Minoxidil in promoting hair growth by reducing a hair growth inhibitor.
3 citations
,
July 2024 in “Biomolecules” Melatonin may help treat various diseases and is influenced by magnetic fields, but more research is needed.
May 2022 in “Research Square (Research Square)” Melatonin improved sheep reproduction, being more beneficial and cost-effective in males.
2 citations
,
September 2024 in “Asian Journal of Andrology” New SRD5A2 variants may disrupt protein function, aiding diagnosis and treatment of related disorders.
July 2023 in “Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies” GnRH agonist effectively diagnoses and treats postmenopausal hyperandrogenism from ovarian sources.
4 citations
,
June 2017 in “Endocrine Reviews” Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) mainly affects nearby cells, doesn't significantly change prostate hormonal environment or cancer risk, and doesn't play a main role in causing hair loss or acne. More research is needed on its effects on heart health, sexual function, and bone health.
31 citations
,
September 2020 in “Clinical endocrinology” Some antiandrogens may lower testosterone better than others, but it's unclear which is best for feminization in transgender women; more research is needed.
18 citations
,
February 2020 in “Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis” The method accurately measures hormones and endocannabinoids in mice, showing gut microbiota diversity affects these levels and may influence stress and reproductive systems.
10 citations
,
December 1992 in “PubMed” Early detection of Cushing's syndrome during pregnancy is crucial to prevent severe complications.
9 citations
,
January 2013 in “PubMed” Dihydrotestosterone might cause migraines, and finasteride could help reduce them.
2 citations
,
February 2024 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” Androgens like testosterone make Staphylococcus aureus skin infections more common in men.
2 citations
,
January 2014 in “Journal of Integrated Health Sciences” Obesity is strongly linked to the severity of hirsutism in women.
1 citations
,
August 2023 in “Case Reports in Women s Health” Leydig cell hyperplasia can cause virilization in postmenopausal women and is treatable with surgery.
December 2024 in “Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications” LMWP-PDGFA shows promise for improving hair health and treating hair loss with fewer side effects.
October 2023 in “IJEM case reports” A 15-year-old girl with no menstrual period was diagnosed with a genetic condition that makes her body unable to respond to male hormones, leading to female characteristics despite having male genetic makeup.
January 2021 in “Case Reports” A 71-year-old woman developed male-like features due to high testosterone levels caused by a benign ovarian tumor, which was successfully removed by surgery.
January 2017 in “STARS (University of Central Florida)” Steroid hormones can be preserved in ancient hair, revealing insights into past health and fertility.
January 2011 in “Padua Research Archive (University of Padua)” Local estrogen synthesis in skin may improve wound healing.
June 2014 in “Zagazig Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences/Zagazig Journal of Pharmaceutical Science” Ascorbic acid, orlistat, and mastic gum can effectively reduce sweat odor.