155 citations
,
October 2002 in “The FASEB Journal” Heart-specific steroid metabolism is crucial in cardiac hypertrophy.
8 citations
,
August 2015 in “Endocrine” August 2012 in “Open Repository and Bibliography (University of Liège)” A castrated dog developed hair loss and prostate issues from long-term exposure to estrogen cream.
April 2020 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A rare ovarian tumor caused high male hormone levels, but surgery fixed it.
10 citations
,
October 2012 in “Andrology” Prostate cancer can progress even with low testosterone due to internal hormone production in the tumor.
2 citations
,
March 2003 in “Endocrine Practice” The woman's symptoms and tests suggest her adrenal glands are producing too many male hormones.
9 citations
,
November 2013 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” A woman had high testosterone due to an ovarian issue, which was fixed with surgery.
15 citations
,
October 2010 in “Archives of Toxicology” A yeast-based test can detect the steroid methyltestosterone in urine longer than traditional methods.
April 2026 in “BMJ Case Reports” Leydig cell tumors can cause high testosterone in women and are treated by removing the ovaries.
48 citations
,
July 1996 in “Human & Experimental Toxicology” Human enzymes can detoxify harmful substances but might also increase their cancer risk.
November 2014 in “Elsevier eBooks” Gene mutations can cause problems in male genital development.
January 2003 in “Journal für Kardiologie (Krause & Pachernegg GmbH)” Testosterone therapy can improve skin and hair in men with low testosterone but may cause skin irritation with certain treatments.
4 citations
,
March 2019 in “JAT. Journal of applied toxicology/Journal of applied toxicology” PFOS exposure disrupts hormone levels and enzyme activities in juvenile frogs, affecting males and females differently.
June 2025 in “JCEM Case Reports” False high testosterone levels were corrected using a more accurate test.
23 citations
,
September 2021 in “Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology” Testosterone's effects on COVID-19 are unclear and need more research.
Testosterone in our bodies helps increase insulin secretion from the pancreas.
9 citations
,
August 1952 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” A 17-year-old female with adrenogenital syndrome produces very high levels of androgens, which prevent complete feminization despite high estrogen doses.
2 citations
,
April 2023 in “Pharmaceuticals” Testosterone therapy for postmenopausal women appears safe and may protect against heart disease, but requires constant monitoring and more research for long-term effects.
8 citations
,
February 2009 in “Current Women's Health Reviews” Testosterone treatment can improve sexual function and bone density in women but may have adverse effects and requires more research on safety and guidelines.
2 citations
,
June 2024 in “Parasites & Vectors” Chronic T. gondii infection may harm male fertility.
January 2026 in “Brazilian Journal of Development” Early diagnosis and surgery can improve symptoms of ovarian hyperthecosis in postmenopausal women.
2 citations
,
September 2020 Long-term high testosterone levels can improve bone density and reduce body fat but may increase the risk of prostate cancer and high blood pressure.
April 2019 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Testosterone affects androgen receptors and lipid storage in cells, while DHEA does not convert to testosterone or affect these receptors in the same way.
8 citations
,
December 2022 in “International journal of molecular sciences” Mice without the enzyme HSD17B3 still produce normal testosterone, suggesting they have different ways to make it compared to humans.
April 2014 in “The FASEB Journal” Testosterone reduces knee movement, while flutamide and finasteride increase it.
August 2003 in “Oncology Times” The trial on testosterone replacement therapy in older men faced concerns due to prostate cancer risk.
71 citations
,
August 2019 in “The journal of sexual medicine” Testosterone treatment effectively causes male physical development in transgender male adolescents but may lead to side effects like acne, higher BMI and blood pressure, lower good cholesterol, and decreased bone density.
January 2005 in “Journal of Investigative Medicine” Testosterone therapy improves strength and body composition in older men with low testosterone.
October 2025 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Leydig cell tumors in the ovary can cause high testosterone and male traits in postmenopausal women but are treatable with surgery.
46 citations
,
December 1992 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” Affected males are born with ambiguous genitalia, raised as females, but develop male traits at puberty due to enzyme deficiency.