May 2005 in “Cancer Research” Melanoma cells lose their ability to form tumors when placed in a zebrafish embryo environment.
61 citations
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June 2010 in “Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” Anti-TNF-α therapy may increase the risk of developing alopecia areata, especially in those with a history of autoimmune disease.
November 2025 in “The Journal of Immunology” BST2 is highly expressed in certain immune cells in alopecia areata, suggesting a role in the disease.
54 citations
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August 1981 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Alopecia areata is linked to reduced T cell function and auto-immunity.
42 citations
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July 2010 in “European Journal of Cell Biology” Thyroid hormones affect hair follicle stem cells by promoting differentiation and reducing growth.
September 2021 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Three genes linked to the development of trichilemmal cysts were found.
8 citations
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March 2015 in “International Journal of Oncology” Tsc2-deficient stem cells can help understand and treat TSC-related tumors.
9 citations
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February 2011 in “Biologics: Targets & Therapy” Topical calcineurin inhibitors, especially 0.1% tacrolimus ointment, are effective and well-tolerated for treating cutaneous lupus erythematosus but require more research for standard treatment guidelines.
1 citations
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June 2024 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Macrophages are crucial for hair regrowth in contact hypersensitivity.
24 citations
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September 2011 in “Autoimmunity” Natural killer cells play a key role in autoimmune skin diseases like pemphigus vulgaris.
April 2023 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” PTEN was identified as a specific marker for the skin disease cutaneous lupus erythematosus, and it helps increase the expression of harmful type I interferons.
33 citations
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October 2006 in “European Journal of Immunology” The CD44-CD49d complex boosts T cell activation and survival in autoimmune disease.
June 2020 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” Activating β-catenin increases melanocytes and decreases Schwann cells.
August 2017 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Activin increases skin tumor formation, skin Tregs help hair growth, lymph-node removal doesn't improve melanoma survival, cells can revert to stem cells in wound healing, and skin bacteria produce peptides that may treat infections.
16 citations
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November 2005 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings” Blocking interferon-gamma helps prevent and treat hair loss in Alopecia Areata.
May 2018 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Activating Wnt in skin cells controls the number of hair follicles by directing cell movement and fate.
April 2026 in “Frontiers in Medicine” Farudodstat may help prevent hair loss in alopecia areata by stopping immune attacks on hair follicles.
March 2014 in “The Journal of Urology” Finasteride increases CD8+ T cells in BPH tissues.
January 2004 in “Linchuang pifuke zazhi” All-trans retinoic acid helps amelanotic melanocytes in hair follicles develop and produce pigment while reducing their growth.
13 citations
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January 2021 in “Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine” Thymosin β4 may boost hair growth by aiding stem cell movement and blood vessel formation.
5 citations
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November 2005 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”
April 2018 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” IL-17C is important in inflammatory skin diseases and could be a target for treatment.
321 citations
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January 2012 in “Cell stem cell” TGF-β2 helps activate hair follicle stem cells by counteracting BMP signals.
22 citations
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January 2009 in “Advances in experimental medicine and biology” FOXN1 mutations cause severe immunodeficiency, hair loss, nail issues, and thymus defects.
May 2023 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” Telocytes, cells with long extensions, are vital for hair growth because they produce Wnt signals, which are necessary for hair follicle regeneration.
5 citations
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January 2022 in “PloS one” Deleting the p63 gene in certain cells causes problems in thymus development and severe hair loss in mice.
52 citations
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January 2023 in “Annual Review of Immunology” Immune-epithelial interactions are crucial for tissue repair, but unchecked can cause diseases.
25 citations
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April 1985 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”
Inhibiting AP-1 changes skin tumor types and affects tumor cell identity.
12 citations
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December 2022 in “Current Protein and Peptide Science” Thymosin β4 helps in cell activities, healing, and organ preservation, and treats hair loss and skin injuries.