103 citations
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July 2001 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences” TGFβ1 expression in skin causes hair loss and skin thickening, but these effects are reversible.
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January 1987 in “Carcinogenesis” TCDD changes skin cell growth and keratin production in mice.
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November 1997 in “Reproduction Fertility and Development” Epidermal growth factor disrupts hair and gland formation in bandicoots.
321 citations
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January 2012 in “Cell stem cell” TGF-β2 helps activate hair follicle stem cells by counteracting BMP signals.
150 citations
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August 1992 in “Genes & Development” TNF alpha in skin cells causes weight loss, hair and fat issues, and skin inflammation in mice.
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May 1951 in “Endocrinology” Adrenocorticotropic hormone inhibits growth and affects body composition in male rats.
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March 2012 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Some thymic peptides can increase human hair growth, while others may inhibit it.
November 2025 in “Frontiers in Immunology” Stem cell activity influences autoimmune disease outcomes by affecting immune responses and tissue regeneration.
September 2022 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” A parasite-derived molecule speeds up skin healing and affects immune cell behavior without increasing scarring.
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August 2006 in “Laboratory Investigation” SCF and ET-1 together significantly increase skin pigmentation and melanin production.
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January 1987 in “PubMed” Thyroid hormone and epidermal growth factor affect hair angle, tooth eruption, and ear development in rats.
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April 1993 in “PubMed” Human hair cells can change based on their environment, especially interactions with certain skin cells.
Moderate immune responses help hair growth, while excessive responses slow it down.
February 2026 in “Journal of Cellular Physiology” TGF-β3 controls stem cell growth and development, varying by cell type and conditions.
344 citations
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May 2018 in “EMBO journal” Phosphorylation controls TFEB's location in the cell, affecting cell metabolism and stress response.
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January 1996 in “Skin Pharmacology and Physiology” Minoxidil boosts hair cell growth, while cyclosporin does not.
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February 2018 in “InTech eBooks” TNF-alpha inhibitors can cause various immune-related skin issues.
Regulatory T cells enhance bone formation by influencing cell mechanics.
November 2022 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” The medicine Cyclosporin A might cause excessive hair growth by reducing a protein that controls hair growth.
1 citations
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January 1981 in “Elsevier eBooks” Melatonin stops melanin production after tyrosinase action, with cyclic GMP mimicking this effect.
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June 2022 in “Biophysical Journal” TGF-β and TNF influence hair follicle cell fate, with TNF being more effective in triggering cell death.
September 2022 in “Medical Mycology” Three different methods were compared for creating Titan cells, a type of fungus cell. The OZ method made the most cells initially, but the number dropped quickly. The EB method also made a lot of cells, but the number also dropped. The AA method made fewer cells, but the number stayed steady. The methods also affected which genes were active in the cells.
26 citations
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January 1992 in “Carcinogenesis” TPA strongly increases ODC activity in certain skin cells, potentially aiding tumor growth.
Erythropoietin overexpression disrupts hair growth and fat formation in mice.
April 2019 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Disrupting the Tsc2 gene in certain cells leads to thicker skin, larger hair, and changes in hair growth signaling, which can be partly reversed with specific treatment.
August 2019 in “Journal of Invertebrate Pathology” Thymosin beta 4 protects cells from damage by blocking a harmful microRNA and boosting a protective gene.
May 2025 in “Experimental Dermatology” Triphenylphosphine oxide can increase oil production and reduce inflammation in skin cells without affecting TRPM5.
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October 2003 in “PubMed” Overexpression of PKCepsilon leads to increased TNFalpha, promoting metastatic squamous cell carcinoma in mice.