Nanotechnology-Based Strategies for Hair Regeneration: Mechanistic Insights and Translational Perspectives for Androgenetic Alopecia

The document reviews nanotechnology-based strategies for treating androgenetic alopecia (AGA), emphasizing the potential of nanocarrier systems like polymeric nanoparticles and lipid-based carriers to enhance drug delivery, stability, and hair growth. These systems improve the efficacy of treatments such as minoxidil and finasteride by targeting hair follicles directly, reducing side effects, and promoting mechanisms like anti-inflammatory action and stem cell activation. Innovations include microneedle systems and machine learning-guided nanozyme identification, which have shown superior results in preclinical models. Despite promising outcomes, challenges in clinical translation remain, including safety, regulatory hurdles, and differences between rodent and human hair growth. Future research is expected to focus on personalized nanomedicine and advanced delivery systems to improve therapeutic precision and patient satisfaction.