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GlossaryAdverse Drug Reactions

unintended, harmful effects from normal medication use

Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are unintended, harmful effects that occur when a medication is administered at normal doses for prevention, diagnosis, or treatment. These reactions can range from mild side effects, like nausea, to severe outcomes, such as organ damage or life-threatening conditions. Understanding and monitoring ADRs is crucial for both healthcare providers and patients to ensure safe and effective use of medications.

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research Adverse cutaneous reactions to soft tissue fillers – a review of the histological features

97 citations , May 2008 in “Journal of Cutaneous Pathology”

Different soft tissue fillers can cause various skin reactions; biodegradable fillers are safer and non-biodegradable ones like silicone can lead to long-term problems.

research Adverse Reactions to Oral Retinoids An Update

53 citations , October 1993 in “Drug Safety”

Oral retinoids can cause side effects ranging from mild to severe, including birth defects, and require careful monitoring and contraception.

research Adverse Cutaneous Reactions to Antidepressants

44 citations , January 2002 in “American Journal of Clinical Dermatology”

Skin reactions to antidepressants are common but usually not serious and can be treated.

research Adverse Drug Reactions in HIV/AIDS Patients on Highly Active Antiretro Viral Therapy: A Review of Prevalence

24 citations , November 2023 in “NEWPORT INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC AND EXPERIMENTAL SCIENCES”

ART for HIV/AIDS can cause side effects but is crucial for managing the infection.

research Adverse Reactions to Biologic Medications Used in Allergy and Immunology Diseases

2 citations , October 2022 in “Current Allergy and Asthma Reports”

Biologic therapies can cause various adverse events, but allergy/immunology clinicians can manage them.

research Adverse Reactions to Enemas

February 1976 in “JAMA”

Enemas can cause septicemia in elderly men with prostate infections.

research Adverse reaction to isotretinoin: alteration of the hair shaft structure

January 2022 in “Surgical & Cosmetic Dermatology”

Isotretinoin can rarely cause hair to grow curly.

research Adverse Cutaneous Reactions to Mood Stabilizers

47 citations , January 2003 in “American Journal of Clinical Dermatology”

Mood stabilizers can cause serious skin reactions; careful monitoring and immediate treatment are crucial.

Adverse Cutaneous Reactions to the New Second-Generation Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (Dasatinib, Nilotinib) in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

research Adverse cutaneous reactions to the new second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (dasatinib, nilotinib) in chronic myeloid leukemia

25 citations , November 2013 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology”

Many patients on new leukemia drugs had mild to moderate skin reactions.

Cutaneous Adverse Reactions Linked to Targeted Anticancer Therapies Bortezomib and Lenalidomide for Multiple Myeloma: New Drugs, Old Side Effects

research Cutaneous adverse reactions linked to targeted anticancer therapies bortezomib and lenalidomide for multiple myeloma: new drugs, old side effects

18 citations , May 2013 in “Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology”

The cancer drugs bortezomib and lenalidomide cause skin side effects in many patients.

research Adverse cutaneous reactions to chemotherapeutic agents and cytokine therapy

18 citations , December 1996 in “Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery”

Chemotherapy and cytokine therapy can cause various skin reactions, including hair loss and hypersensitivity.

research Adverse Systemic Reaction to Dinitrochlorobenzene

14 citations , June 1982 in “Archives of Dermatology”

A man had bad reactions to a hair loss treatment called DNCB.

research Spontaneous cutaneous adverse drug reaction reports—An analysis of a 10‐year dataset in Singapore

13 citations , March 2019 in “Pharmacology Research & Perspectives”

In Singapore, most skin reactions to drugs were in females and Chinese, often caused by painkillers, antibiotics, and some other drugs, with serious cases linked to genetics.

research Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reactions (CADRs) to COVID19 vaccines: A case series

3 citations , January 2023 in “Indian Dermatology Online Journal”

COVID-19 vaccines can cause mild to moderate skin reactions, mostly after the first dose.

research Adverse Hair Reactions to New Targeted Therapies for Cancer

1 citations , March 2019 in “Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas”

New cancer treatments are less harmful to hair but can still cause hair loss, color, shape, and growth changes.

research KRDQN: An Interpretable Prediction Framework for Adverse Drug Reactions via Knowledge–Graph Reinforced Deep Q-Learning

February 2026 in “Pharmaceuticals”

KRDQN effectively predicts adverse drug reactions with high accuracy and clear explanations.

research Adverse Cutaneous Reactions to Antipsychotics

64 citations , January 2002 in “American Journal of Clinical Dermatology”

Some patients taking antipsychotic medications experience skin reactions, ranging from mild to severe.

research Drug utilization pattern and adverse drug reactions of chemotherapy in pediatric patients at Muhimbili National Hospital, Tanzania

1 citations , April 2022 in “F1000Research”

Most pediatric cancer patients at Muhimbili National Hospital in Tanzania experienced side effects from chemotherapy, with nausea, hair loss, and low white blood cell count being the most common.

Effectiveness and Adverse Drug Reaction Mechanisms Associated With Valproic Acid Use: A Cross-Sectional Prospective Study in Indonesia

research Effectiveness and Adverse Drug Reaction Mechanisms Associated with Valproic Acid Use: A Cross-Sectional Prospective Study in Indonesia

March 2025 in “Biomedical & Pharmacology Journal”

Valproic acid is effective but often causes side effects like weight gain and hair loss, so personalized treatment is needed.

Ayurveda and Bioactives as Adjuvant for DNA Modulation in Cancer Treatment and Adverse Drug Reaction – A Glimpse of Traditional Indian Nanotechnology

research Ayurveda & Bioactives as Adjuvant for Dna Modulation in Cancer Treatment & Adverse Drug Reaction [ADR] – A Glimpse of Traditional Indian Nanotechnology

March 2024 in “Qeios”

Ayurvedic herbs may reduce side effects and improve effectiveness of cancer treatments.

research Referee report. For: Drug utilization pattern and adverse drug reactions of chemotherapy in pediatric patients at Muhimbili National Hospital, Tanzania [version 1; peer review: 1 approved, 1 approved with reservations]

January 2024 in “Faculty of 1000 Research Ltd”

Most pediatric cancer patients at Muhimbili National Hospital experienced adverse drug reactions during chemotherapy, highlighting the need for careful monitoring.

research A clinical study of cutaneous adverse drug reactions

March 2017 in “International journal of basic and clinical pharmacology”

Skin reactions to drugs are most often rashes caused by antibiotics, with nevirapine being the most common culprit; knowing these patterns can improve treatment and outcomes.

research [Adverse drug reactions on hair].

December 1990 in “PubMed”

Some drugs can cause hair loss, increase hair growth, or change hair color, but stopping the drug usually reverses these effects.

research Identification of drug-specific public TCR driving severe cutaneous adverse reactions

88 citations , August 2019 in “Nature communications”

Researchers found a specific immune receptor in patients that causes severe skin reactions to a drug.

Immunologic Adverse Reactions of Beta-Blockers and the Skin: A Review

research Immunologic adverse reactions of β-blockers and the skin (Review)

31 citations , April 2019 in “Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine”

β-blockers can cause skin problems like psoriasis and vitiligo, and doctors should tell patients about these risks.

research Recent advances in understanding of radiation-induced skin tissue reactions with respect to acute tissue injury and late adverse effect

5 citations , August 2025 in “Journal of Radiation Research”

Understanding skin reactions to radiation has improved, helping to reduce injuries and prevent skin cancer.

research Severe adverse reaction induced by albendazole and praziquantel for cystic echinococcosis

5 citations , January 2023 in “IDCases”

Albendazole and praziquantel can cause severe side effects, especially with prolonged use or liver issues.

Suspected Adverse Reactions to Medications and Food Supplements Containing Serenoa Repens: A Worldwide Analysis of Pharmacovigilance and Phytovigilance Spontaneous Reports

research Suspected adverse reactions to medications and food supplements containing Serenoa repens: A worldwide analysis of pharmacovigilance and phytovigilance spontaneous reports

2 citations , July 2023 in “Phytotherapy Research”

Serenoa repens is mostly safe but has some risks, especially at high doses or when used with other products for over two weeks.

research Dermatological adverse reactions and therapeutic potential of semaglutide, liraglutide and tirzepatide: Analysis of UK pharmacovigilance data and literature review

1 citations , August 2025

GLP-1 receptor agonists can help skin conditions but may cause hair loss and other skin issues.

Cutaneous Adverse Reactions Associated With Enfortumab Vedotin: A Pharmacovigilance Study Based on the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System

research Cutaneous adverse reactions associated with enfortumab vedotin: a pharmacovigilance study based on the FDA adverse event reporting system

April 2026 in “Frontiers in Medicine”

Enfortumab vedotin can cause skin issues, especially in older males, needing early monitoring.