March 2017 in “Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences” Abuse of anabolic steroids in Iraqi athletes leads to negative effects on hormones, liver and kidney function, blood sugar, and cholesterol levels.
5 citations
,
January 2017 in “Biomedical Research-tokyo” Long-term steroid abuse in athletes causes serious health risks, outweighing any benefits.
1 citations
,
October 2025 in “Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine” Anabolic-androgenic steroid abuse can cause heart damage and sudden death.
19 citations
,
June 2021 in “The world journal of men's health” Using anabolic-androgenic steroids can harm men's reproductive health and increase the risk of heart problems and death.
August 2023 in “Medicina-lithuania” Abusing steroids can damage your heart, muscles, reproductive system, liver, skin, and brain, and may increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease.
July 2023 in “The journal of sexual medicine” Anabolic-androgenic steroids harm male hormone levels, sperm, metabolism, and can cause acne, hair loss, and breast growth.
9 citations
,
March 2019 in “European Journal of Sport Science” New signs like changes in blood markers, physical symptoms, and behavioral shifts may help detect hidden steroid use in athletes.
7 citations
,
February 2024 in “The Journal of Physiology” Reduced plakoglobin and steroid abuse increase the risk of heart rhythm issues.
1 citations
,
May 2024 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Clomiphene Citrate can quickly restore fertility in some men after long-term steroid abuse.
April 2026 in “International Journal of Impotence Research” Anabolic steroid abuse can cause sexual, fertility, and health problems.
15 citations
,
October 2010 in “Archives of Toxicology” A yeast-based test can detect the steroid methyltestosterone in urine longer than traditional methods.
72 citations
,
October 1998 in “Baillière's clinical endocrinology and metabolism” Long-term testosterone therapy can cause hormone suppression, affect prostate and heart health, and alter physical characteristics, but does not increase prostate cancer risk and needs more research for full risk assessment.
65 citations
,
April 2018 in “Oncotarget” Anabolic androgenic steroids can increase cancer risk and disrupt hormones.
January 2025 in “Digital Commons - Gardner-Webb University (Gardner–Webb University)” Abusing anabolic steroids can cause serious health problems despite short-term muscle gains.
34 citations
,
September 2009 in “International Journal of Dermatology” Using anabolic-androgenic steroids can cause skin problems like acne and hair loss in athletes.
2 citations
,
July 2025 in “Forensic Sciences” Anabolic-androgenic steroids can damage the brain, causing mood and cognitive problems.
22 citations
,
November 2011 in “Journal of Analytical Toxicology” Scientists have developed a new method to detect steroid abuse in athletes using cell-based tests, which could be the future of anti-doping methods.
June 2022 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” Male hormones and reduced plakoglobin can impair heart electrical function and increase arrhythmia risk in males.
38 citations
,
September 2019 in “Chinese Medical Journal” Using steroids can increase the risk of heart problems.
441 citations
,
May 2008 in “British Journal of Pharmacology” Anabolic steroids can build muscle and strength but have risks and need more research on their clinical benefits and side effects.
1 citations
,
December 2024 in “Journal of Education Health and Sport” Anabolic steroids harm the heart, liver, hormones, muscles, and mental health.
July 2025 in “Medical Science” Anabolic steroids and SARMs can cause serious liver damage.
December 2024 in “Quality in Sport” Hormonal balance is vital for women's health and performance, but therapies like contraceptives and steroids have both benefits and risks.
2 citations
,
December 2020 in “Phytomedicine plus” Taking Saw palmetto and Pygeum africana can change the levels of certain steroids in urine, which could cause confusion in doping tests.
1 citations
,
September 2023 in “Journal of Education Health and Sport” Anabolic-androgenic steroids are dangerous and educating people about their risks is essential.
April 2026 in “Quality in Sport” Anabolic-androgenic steroids increase the risk of heart problems.
15 citations
,
August 2016 in “Current Urology Reports” Nandrolone and oxandrolone could help treat male health issues like muscle loss and low testosterone.
1 citations
,
February 2013 in “Steroids” Bone mineral and minocycline boost bone cell growth, aiding healing.
January 2018 in “Medicinski pregled” Using high doses and multiple drugs with steroids is risky and should be prevented.
2 citations
,
June 2022 in “대한스포츠의학회지” Anabolic steroids boost muscle growth, SARMs increase muscle mass and bone density without side effects, and myostatin inhibitors block a protein that stops muscle growth, but each has potential risks.