441 citations
,
May 2008 in “British Journal of Pharmacology” Anabolic steroids can build muscle and strength but have risks and need more research on their clinical benefits and side effects.
38 citations
,
September 2019 in “Chinese Medical Journal” Using steroids can increase the risk of heart problems.
36 citations
,
October 2009 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry” Two new compounds were found to build bone and muscle without affecting reproductive organs and skin oil glands.
1 citations
,
January 2015 in “Hair therapy & transplantation” Some supplements and hormones can increase hair loss by raising DHT levels.
65 citations
,
April 2018 in “Oncotarget” Anabolic androgenic steroids can increase cancer risk and disrupt hormones.
42 citations
,
May 2007 in “Endocrinology and metabolism/American journal of physiology: endocrinology and metabolism” Testosterone can build muscle and bone without enlarging the prostate when a specific enzyme is blocked.
34 citations
,
September 2009 in “International Journal of Dermatology” Using anabolic-androgenic steroids can cause skin problems like acne and hair loss in athletes.
21 citations
,
February 2021 in “BMJ case reports” Anabolic steroid users may face higher risk of severe COVID-19.
19 citations
,
June 2021 in “The world journal of men's health” Using anabolic-androgenic steroids can harm men's reproductive health and increase the risk of heart problems and death.
16 citations
,
August 1992 in “PubMed” Anabolic-androgenic steroids can cause skin issues like acne and oily skin by enlarging oil glands and changing skin oils.
11 citations
,
November 2009 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology/The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology” Bolandiol, a synthetic steroid, builds muscle and bone without greatly affecting sex glands, and works differently from other hormones.
9 citations
,
March 2019 in “European Journal of Sport Science” New signs like changes in blood markers, physical symptoms, and behavioral shifts may help detect hidden steroid use in athletes.
8 citations
,
February 2025 in “Swiss Medical Weekly” Integrating best practices for steroid users in Swiss primary care is feasible and beneficial, but doping laws need change.
5 citations
,
January 2017 in “Biomedical Research-tokyo” Long-term steroid abuse in athletes causes serious health risks, outweighing any benefits.
3 citations
,
November 2024 in “Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal” Anabolic-androgenic steroids can harm women's health and their offspring.
3 citations
,
March 2018 in “Ars Pharmaceutica (Internet)” Anabolic agents can cause cardiovascular and behavioral issues in athletes.
2 citations
,
August 2025 in “Harm Reduction Journal” Non-medical steroid use in gym-goers is risky and needs better prevention and care strategies.
2 citations
,
July 2025 in “Forensic Sciences” Anabolic-androgenic steroids can damage the brain, causing mood and cognitive problems.
2 citations
,
May 2024 in “European Journal of Investigation in Health Psychology and Education” Many bodybuilders in Sergipe, Brazil use anabolic steroids, facing health risks like acne, irritability, and hypertension.
2 citations
,
June 2022 in “대한스포츠의학회지” Anabolic steroids boost muscle growth, SARMs increase muscle mass and bone density without side effects, and myostatin inhibitors block a protein that stops muscle growth, but each has potential risks.
2 citations
,
January 2021 in “Cureus” Long-term anabolic steroid use can lead to heart and metabolic health issues.
2 citations
,
December 2020 in “Phytomedicine plus” Taking Saw palmetto and Pygeum africana can change the levels of certain steroids in urine, which could cause confusion in doping tests.
2 citations
,
January 2017 in “Endocrinology” Testosterone and its metabolites have varied effects on different body systems, especially during puberty.
2 citations
,
September 1971 in “Metabolism, clinical and experimental” Dihydrotestosterone has a reduced effect on muscle-building in people with testicular feminization syndrome, especially after their gonads are removed.
1 citations
,
October 2025 in “Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine” Anabolic-androgenic steroid abuse can cause heart damage and sudden death.
1 citations
,
December 2024 in “Journal of Education Health and Sport” Anabolic steroids harm the heart, liver, hormones, muscles, and mental health.
1 citations
,
May 2024 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Clomiphene Citrate can quickly restore fertility in some men after long-term steroid abuse.
1 citations
,
September 2023 in “Journal of Education Health and Sport” Anabolic-androgenic steroids are dangerous and educating people about their risks is essential.
1 citations
,
February 2013 in “Steroids” Bone mineral and minocycline boost bone cell growth, aiding healing.
April 2026 in “International Journal of Impotence Research” Anabolic steroid abuse can cause sexual, fertility, and health problems.