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GlossaryCytochrome P450

enzymes metabolize drugs and toxins in the liver

Cytochrome P450 (CYP) refers to a large family of enzymes that play a crucial role in the metabolism of various substances within the body, including drugs, toxins, and hormones. These enzymes are primarily found in the liver and are essential for the detoxification process, as well as the synthesis of cholesterol, steroids, and other lipids.

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Astilbin Activates the Reactive Oxidative Species/PPARγ Pathway to Suppress Effector CD4+ T Cell Activities via Direct Binding With Cytochrome P450 1B1

research Astilbin Activates the Reactive Oxidative Species/PPARγ Pathway to Suppress Effector CD4+ T Cell Activities via Direct Binding With Cytochrome P450 1B1

1 citations , May 2022 in “Frontiers in Pharmacology”

Astilbin can potentially calm overactive immune responses, like in Type 1 Diabetes, by suppressing certain cell activities and reducing inflammation.

Response to Effectiveness of Dutasteride in a Large Series of Patients with Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia in Real Clinical Practice

research Response to “Reply to effectiveness of dutasteride in a large series of patients with FFA in real clinical practice”

2 citations , April 2021

The authors suggest that 5-α-reductase inhibitors, like dutasteride, are effective in treating frontal fibrosing alopecia and should be the first-line treatment, with other options for severe cases. They also recommend further research on Janus kinase inhibitors.

research Cytochrome P450: A Target for Drug Development for Skin Diseases

115 citations , August 2004 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

Modulating Cytochrome P450 activity could help develop new skin disease treatments.

Xenobiotic-Metabolizing Enzymes in the Skin of Rat, Mouse, Pig, Guinea Pig, Man, and in Human Skin Models

research Xenobiotica-metabolizing enzymes in the skin of rat, mouse, pig, guinea pig, man, and in human skin models

38 citations , June 2018 in “Archives of Toxicology”

Different species and human skin models vary in their skin enzyme activities, with pig skin and some models closely matching human skin, useful for safety assessments and understanding the skin's protective roles.

research Absorption sites of orally administered drugs in the small intestine

55 citations , September 2017 in “Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery”

Different factors affect where drugs are absorbed in the small intestine, which is important for effective medication use.

A Simple Decision Tree for Identifying Early Oral Drug Candidates With Likely Pharmacokinetic Nonlinearity by Intestinal CYP3A Saturation

research A Simple Decision Tree Suited for Identification of Early Oral Drug Candidates With Likely Pharmacokinetic Nonlinearity by Intestinal CYP3A Saturation

November 2020 in “Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences”

The decision tree can predict drug absorption issues with good accuracy but needs more validation and adjustments for other factors.

Air Pollution, Autophagy, and Skin Aging: Impact of Particulate Matter on Human Dermal Fibroblasts

research Air Pollution, Autophagy, and Skin Aging: Impact of Particulate Matter (PM10) on Human Dermal Fibroblasts

68 citations , September 2018 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences”

Air pollution (PM10) increases skin inflammation and aging by reducing collagen and may trigger a repair response in skin cells.

Genotyping Of The Rs1800440 Polymorphism In CYP1B1 Gene And The Rs9258883 Polymorphism In HLA-B Gene In A Spanish Cohort Of 223 Patients With Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia

research Genotyping of the rs1800440 Polymorphism in CYP1B1 Gene and the rs9258883 Polymorphism in HLA-B Gene in a Spanish Cohort of 223 Patients with Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia

1 citations , September 2023 in “Acta dermato-venereologica”

Certain genetic variants are linked to frontal fibrosing alopecia in Spanish patients.

Potential Factors Contributing to Androgenetic Alopecia

research Androgenetic Alopecia

8 citations , January 1996 in “Springer eBooks”

Male pattern baldness may be caused by factors like poor blood circulation, scalp tension, stress, and hormonal imbalances, but the exact causes are still unclear.

research Genome-wide association study in frontal fibrosing alopecia identifies four susceptibility loci including HLA-B*07:02

115 citations , March 2019 in “Nature Communications”

Frontal fibrosing alopecia is linked to four genetic areas, especially the HLA-B*07:02 allele.

research Targeting neurosteroid synthesis as a therapy for schizophrenia-related alterations induced by early psychosocial stress

24 citations , May 2015 in “Schizophrenia Research”

A drug improved schizophrenia-like symptoms in stressed rats by changing brain steroid levels.

research Vitamin D, Lipid Metabolism and Prostate Cancer

1 citations , January 2009 in “Trepo - Institutional Repository of Tampere University”

Vitamin D may help regulate cholesterol and influence prostate cancer development.

research Intracrine androgen biosynthesis, metabolism and action revisited

131 citations , September 2017 in “Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology”

The document concludes that blocking the internal pathways that create androgens might help treat cancers that depend on sex hormones.

research An Updated Etiology of Hair Loss and the New Cosmeceutical Paradigm in Therapy: Clearing ‘the Big Eight Strikes’

July 2023 in “Cosmetics”

New treatments for hair loss should target eight main causes and use specific plant compounds and peptides for better results.

research The profile of steroid hormones in human fetal and adult ovaries

11 citations , May 2024 in “Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology”

Fetal ovaries produce different hormones than adult ovaries, and endocrine-disrupting chemicals may affect this process.

research Frontal fibrosing alopecia: A review of disease pathogenesis

2 citations , July 2022 in “Frontiers in Medicine”

The cause of Frontal fibrosing alopecia, a type of hair loss, is complex, likely involving immune responses and genetics, but is not fully understood.

research Menopause and hair loss in women: Exploring the hormonal transition

1 citations , May 2025 in “Maturitas”

Menopause can cause hair loss in women due to hormonal changes, affecting their well-being and quality of life.

research Serum and hair steroid profiles and their associations with body composition in adolescence

November 2025 in “European Journal of Endocrinology”

Hair steroid profiling is a feasible, non-invasive alternative to serum analysis for assessing hormone levels and metabolism.

research Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia and the Role of Cosmeceuticals in Its Pathogenesis

August 2025 in “Cosmetics”

Cosmeceuticals like sunscreens may trigger frontal fibrosing alopecia, but more research is needed.

research Activation of Nrf2 in keratinocytes causes chloracne (MADISH)‐like skin disease in mice

81 citations , February 2014 in “EMBO molecular medicine”

Activating Nrf2 in skin cells causes skin disease similar to chloracne in mice.

research Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia and Reproductive Health: Assessing the Role of Sex Hormones in Disease Development

1 citations , January 2024 in “Journal of personalized medicine”

Hormonal imbalances during menopause may significantly contribute to Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia.

research Lupeol: an updated review utilizing AI-assisted predictive tools for enhanced therapeutic insights into lupeol’s potential for alopecia management

2 citations , September 2025 in “Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences”

Lupeol shows promise for hair growth but needs better absorption and safety testing.

research Testosterone, cytochrome P450, and cardiac hypertrophy

155 citations , October 2002 in “The FASEB Journal”

Heart-specific steroid metabolism is crucial in cardiac hypertrophy.

research Comparison of Activities Dependent on Glutathione S-Transferase and Cytochrome P-450 IA1 in Cultured Keratinocytes and Reconstructed Epidermal Models

42 citations , January 2002 in “Skin Pharmacology and Physiology”

Reconstructed skin models are useful for studying how skin processes certain chemicals.

research Immunohistochemical detection of cytochrome P450 isoenzymes in cultured human epidermal cells.

19 citations , December 1990 in “Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry”

Foreskin keratinocytes and SVK14 cells express certain cytochrome P450 enzymes, unlike hair follicle keratinocytes.

Identification of a Cyclosporine-Specific P450 Hydroxylase Gene Through Targeted Cytochrome P450 Complement Disruption in Sebekia Benihana

research Identification of a Cyclosporine-Specific P450 Hydroxylase Gene through Targeted Cytochrome P450 Complement (CYPome) Disruption in Sebekia benihana

13 citations , January 2013 in “Applied and Environmental Microbiology”

A gene in Sebekia benihana, CYP-sb21, is needed for a specific reaction on the drug Cyclosporine A, which could be important for hair growth without affecting the immune system.

11α-Hydroxyprogesterone, a Potent 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Inhibitor, Is Metabolized by Steroid-5α-Reductase and Cytochrome P450 17α-Hydroxylase/17,20-Lyase to Produce C11α-Derivatives of 21-Deoxycortisol and 11-Hydroxyandrostenedione In Vitro

research 11α-Hydroxyprogesterone, a potent 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inhibitor, is metabolised by steroid-5α-reductase and cytochrome P450 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase to produce C11α-derivatives of 21-deoxycortisol and 11-hydroxyandrostenedione in vitro

7 citations , April 2019 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology”

11α-Hydroxyprogesterone is changed into different substances by certain enzymes and may play a role in prostate cancer.

research The Role of Cytochrome P-450 in Dermatology

8 citations , October 1989 in “International Journal of Dermatology”

Cytochrome P-450 enzymes in the skin help break down various substances and could be targeted to treat skin conditions.

research Identification of human cytochrome P450 isozymes responsible for the in vitro oxidative metabolism of finasteride.

20 citations , October 1995 in “PubMed”

research Eziopatogenesi e terapia dell'acne:studio epidemiologico delle caratteristiche cliniche di una popolazione di pazienti affetti da acne e analisi dei polimorfismi del gene codificante per il recettore degli androgeni e del gene codificante per il citocromo P-450 1A1

January 2008 in “Padua Research Archive (University of Padua)”

Hereditary factors affect acne duration, not severity, and late-onset acne in females has different causes.