17 citations
,
March 2016 in “Liver international” Men with advanced liver disease and high oestrone and low testosterone levels have worse health outcomes.
51 citations
,
November 1988 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Higher levels of a specific hormone are linked to more chest hair and acne in men.
9 citations
,
October 1991 in “Archives of Dermatological Research” Testosterone, DHT, and estradiol significantly affect hair cell growth.
8 citations
,
May 1996 in “Endocrinology” Certain adrenal hormones can strongly stimulate oil gland growth in hamster skin, similar to male hormones.
31 citations
,
October 1971 in “Steroids” Human beard hair follicles change testosterone into other related hormones, but don't much change androstenedione into testosterone.
August 2012 in “Open Repository and Bibliography (University of Liège)” A castrated dog developed hair loss and prostate issues from long-term exposure to estrogen cream.
April 2014 in “The FASEB Journal” Testosterone reduces knee movement, while flutamide and finasteride increase it.
October 2019 in “European heart journal” Androgen-deprivation therapies increase the risk of certain heart conditions, but testosterone treatment may help.
24 citations
,
May 1951 in “Endocrinology” Adrenocorticotropic hormone inhibits growth and affects body composition in male rats.
10 citations
,
January 2019 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Testosterone increases hair growth and acne in transgender men.
8 citations
,
March 2010 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” Free Testosterone Index, bioavailable testosterone, and androstenedione are the most accurate for diagnosing excess male hormones in PCOS.
58 citations
,
July 1974 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” Cyproterone acetate combined with ethinyl estradiol significantly reduced hirsutism in women.
46 citations
,
May 2012 in “Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology” Human skin produces sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone, influenced by ARO and StAR, which may affect skin elasticity and hair growth.
451 citations
,
March 2005 in “Endocrine Reviews” The enzyme steroid sulfatase is linked to breast cancer and other conditions, and inhibitors are being developed for treatment.
25 citations
,
November 2005 in “PubMed” Finasteride changes androgen receptor location in rat epididymis without altering tissue structure.
56 citations
,
February 2006 in “American journal of physiology. Cell physiology” Steroid sex hormones activate matriptase in prostate cancer cells but not in breast cancer cells.
July 2012 in “The Journal of Urology” Testosterone increases muscle mass regardless of DHT conversion blocking.
Testosterone's health effects are complex and not definitively understood.
1 citations
,
April 2016 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Prostaglandin D2 increases testosterone levels in skin cells through reactive oxygen species, not enzymes, which could lead to new hair loss treatments.
August 2019 in “Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill)” DHT enhances androgen receptor activity more than testosterone, and MAGE-11 influences this activity through specific interactions.
25 citations
,
March 2000 in “Journal of Endocrinological Investigation” Testosterone therapy aims to treat hormone deficiencies and various conditions safely and effectively, but requires careful patient monitoring due to potential side effects.
22 citations
,
March 2003 in “Steroids” PM-9 and finasteride effectively inhibit the enzyme that converts testosterone to DHT.
September 1978 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry/Journal of Steroid Biochemistry”
February 2010 in “ePrints Soton (University of Southampton)” Male sexual differentiation is regulated independently, while female differentiation occurs in an androgenic environment, affecting conditions like congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
April 2022 in “Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology” PSA can help diagnose high androgen levels in women.
9 citations
,
September 2017 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings” Prostaglandin D2 increases testosterone production in skin cells through a process involving reactive oxygen species, and antioxidants may help treat hair loss.
April 2019 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A young patient with unusual insulin resistance and high testosterone levels had a rare INSR gene mutation.
July 2025 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” 5% ET-02 is a more effective and safe treatment for hair loss than current options.
38 citations
,
February 2005 in “The journal of sexual medicine” The testosterone patch and gel are both effective, but they have different absorption patterns and effects on hormone levels.
March 2026 in “Seven Editora eBooks” Testosterone creams and gels can be effective but have serious risks and should be used only with medical supervision.