Women with acne and hair loss, even if they have regular periods, often have polycystic ovary syndrome.
April 2019 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A woman's severe male-like symptoms were caused by a rare, benign tumor in her ovary that produced male hormones.
23 citations
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January 2016 in “Journal of Nanjing Medical University” Overweight women with PCOS are more likely to have excess male hormones.
March 2025 in “Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism” Elevated testosterone, DHEA-S, and FAI help identify PCOS risk in menstrual irregularities.
11 citations
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August 2019 in “PubMed” Hirsutism in women is mostly caused by polycystic ovary syndrome and idiopathic hyperandrogenism.
February 2022 in “International journal of reproduction, contraception, obstetrics and gynecology” Acanthosis nigricans in teenage girls with PCOS is a sign of obesity, not insulin resistance or glucose intolerance.
A 73-year-old woman's unusual hair loss and growth led to the discovery of a rare condition causing too much testosterone, which improved after her ovaries were removed.
February 2019 in “Obstetrics and gynaecology cases - reviews” Women with excessive hair growth tend to have shorter index and ring fingers compared to others.
May 2018 in “DergiPark (Istanbul University)” Hormone levels studied are not linked to PCOS.
83 citations
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December 2004 in “American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology” 91 citations
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July 2022 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” Different PCOS characteristics affect lipid profiles, increasing cardiovascular disease risk, so regular lipid screening is advised.
78 citations
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October 2003 in “Cochrane library” Cyproterone acetate with estradiol may subjectively improve excessive hair growth in women, but it's not clinically better than other treatments.
20 citations
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September 2015 in “Pediatric Annals” PCOS in teen girls should be managed with lifestyle changes and sometimes medication to improve symptoms and health.
April 2025 in “Journal of Clinical Medicine” Long-term healthy eating lowers testosterone and improves health in women with suspected PCOS.
1 citations
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July 2025 in “BMC Medicine” PCOS affects 11% of women, highlighting the need for standardized diagnosis.
112 citations
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April 2009 in “Cochrane library” Spironolactone may reduce excessive hair growth in women but its effectiveness for acne is not supported.
6 citations
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December 2024 in “BMC Women s Health” Lifestyle changes improve weight, waist size, menstrual regularity, and acne in teens with PCOS.
November 2025 in “Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews” Cyproterone acetate works similarly to other treatments for hirsutism, but more research is needed.
14 citations
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March 2022 in “Clinical Endocrinology” The document concludes that a systematic approach is crucial to identify causes of androgen excess in women beyond the most common cause, Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
7 citations
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May 2014 in “Iranian Red Crescent medical journal” Laser hair removal is effective for hirsutism when combined with treatment for the underlying causes.
7 citations
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April 1992 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology/The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology” Women with non-classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia have higher levels of certain steroids, which can be reduced by treatment.
5 citations
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April 2021 in “Journal of Academic Research in Medicine” FAI is a reliable marker for identifying and monitoring hyperandrogenism in obese adolescent females with PCOS.
2 citations
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November 2024 in “JCEM Case Reports” Inhaled substances in e-cigarettes can cause hormone imbalances similar to congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
2 citations
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November 2019 in “Case reports in women's health” Ovarian vein sampling helped diagnose rare ovarian tumors causing high testosterone, and surgery to remove the tumors lowered the testosterone levels.
1 citations
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August 2023 in “Case Reports in Women s Health” Leydig cell hyperplasia can cause virilization in postmenopausal women and is treatable with surgery.
March 2026 in “JCEM Case Reports” Surgery removed ovarian tumors, normalizing testosterone and improving symptoms.
January 2026 in “JCEM Case Reports” Genetics may play a significant role in gender dysphoria.
October 2025 in “Nepal Journal of Dermatology Venereology & Leprology” PCOS is the main cause of hirsutism, often linked to insulin resistance.
June 2025 in “Journal of Ovarian Research” Accurate diagnosis is crucial to distinguish between PCOS and rare ovarian tumors in teens with similar symptoms.
January 2025 in “JCEM Case Reports” Ketoconazole improved symptoms of ACTH-independent Cushing syndrome despite inconclusive initial scans.