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GlossaryForkhead Box N1

gene crucial for thymus development and hair follicle regulation

Forkhead Box N1 (Foxn1) is a gene that plays a crucial role in the development and function of the thymus, an organ important for the immune system, and in the regulation of skin and hair follicle development. Mutations in the Foxn1 gene can lead to conditions such as nude mice, which lack hair and have an underdeveloped thymus, highlighting its importance in both immune function and hair growth.

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research Transcriptional Governance of Hair Follicle Stem Cell Quiescence and Niche Maintenance in Long-Term Tissue Regeneration

September 2025 in “Digital Commons - RU (Rockefeller University)”

FOXC1 is essential for keeping hair follicle stem cells inactive and maintaining their environment for healthy hair growth.

Skin Expression of Mammalian Target of Rapamycin and Forkhead Box Transcription Factor O1, and Serum Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 in Patients with Acne Vulgaris and Their Relationship with Diet

research Skin expression of mammalian target of rapamycin and forkhead box transcription factor O1, and serum insulin‐like growth factor‐1 in patients with acne vulgaris and their relationship with diet

93 citations , January 2016 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

Eating a high-glycemic diet may worsen acne by increasing certain protein levels and expressions in the skin.

research Case Series: Gene Expression Analysis in Canine Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada/Uveodermatologic Syndrome and Vitiligo Reveals Conserved Immunopathogenesis Pathways Between Dog and Human Autoimmune Pigmentary Disorders

20 citations , December 2020 in “Frontiers in Immunology”

The immune processes causing VKH and vitiligo are similar in dogs and humans.

research Immortalized human hair follicle-derived mesenchymal-like stromal cells for the long-term production of scalable Immunomodulatory and regenerative secretome

1 citations , November 2025 in “Stem Cell Research & Therapy”

Immortalized hair follicle cells could be useful for regenerative medicine and treating inflammation and oxidative stress.

research Regulation of somatic cell reprogramming through inducible mir-302 expression

308 citations , September 2010 in “Nucleic acids research”

Increasing mir-302 turns human hair cells into stem cells by changing gene regulation and demethylation.

research Transcription factor FOXC1 positively regulates SFRP1 expression in androgenetic alopecia

May 2021 in “Experimental Cell Research”

FOXC1 boosts SFRP1 in hair loss, suggesting new treatments.

research Regulatory T Cells: the Many Faces of Foxp3

125 citations , September 2019 in “Journal of Clinical Immunology”

Foxp3 is crucial for regulatory T cell function, and targeting these cells may help treat immune disorders.

research Linking diet to acne metabolomics, inflammation, and comedogenesis: an update

138 citations , July 2015 in “Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology”

Eating less sugar, milk, and saturated fats and more vegetables and fish may help treat and prevent acne.

research Candidate genes of SARS-CoV-2 gender susceptibility

27 citations , November 2021 in “Scientific Reports”

Men are more affected by COVID-19 due to differences in immune responses and protein expression.

research Mechanisms of tolerance and potential therapeutic interventions in Alopecia Areata

12 citations , May 2017 in “Pharmacology & therapeutics”

Targeting immune tolerance issues in Alopecia Areata could restore hair growth and maintain remission.

research A Mixture of Tocopherol Acetate and L-Menthol Synergistically Promotes Hair Growth in C57BL/6 Mice

7 citations , December 2020 in “Pharmaceutics”

A mix of tocopherol acetate and L-menthol helps grow hair better than using them separately or using minoxidil.

research Vitamin B6 promotes the activation of primordial follicles through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway

December 2025 in “Journal of Ovarian Research”

Vitamin B6 may help activate dormant follicles.

Hydroxychloroquine Modulates the Progression of Experimentally Induced Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Rats via Targeting EGFR/ERK/STAT3 and AR/FOXO1/TRAIL Pathways: Computational and In Vivo Studies

research Hydroxychloroquine modulates the progression of experimentally induced benign prostatic hyperplasia in rats via targeting EGFR/ERK/STAT3 and AR/FOXO1/TRAIL pathways: computational and in vivo studies

1 citations , June 2025 in “Scientific Reports”

Hydroxychloroquine may help treat benign prostatic hyperplasia by reducing inflammation and promoting cell death.

research Fatal autoimmunity results from the conditional deletion of Snai2 and Snai3

8 citations , February 2015 in “Cellular immunology”

Deleting Snai2 and Snai3 causes fatal autoimmunity.

research Tregs: Where We Are and What Comes Next?

130 citations , November 2017 in “Frontiers in Immunology”

The conclusion is that Treg-targeted therapies have potential, but more knowledge of Treg biology is needed for effective treatments, including for cancer.

research Pregnancy and the Skin

36 citations , April 1990 in “Dermatologic Clinics”

Most pregnant women experience skin changes like darkening and stretch marks, and some may have skin conditions that usually get better after giving birth.

research Clinical Management in Psychodermatology

January 2009 in “Springer eBooks”

The document concludes that treating skin conditions should include psychological care and a multidisciplinary approach is essential for effective management.

research A position effect on TRPS1 is associated with Ambras syndrome in humans and the Koala phenotype in mice

60 citations , August 2008 in “Human molecular genetics online/Human molecular genetics”

A position effect on the TRPS1 gene causes excessive hair growth in humans and mice.

research Interventions for female pattern hair loss

35 citations , May 2012 in “Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews”

Minoxidil effectively treats female pattern hair loss.

research Interventions for female pattern hair loss

21 citations , May 2016 in “The Cochrane library”

Topical minoxidil helps treat female pattern hair loss, but more research needed for other treatments.

Mutant Laboratory Mice With Abnormalities in Hair Follicle Morphogenesis, Cycling, and Structure: Annotated Tables

research Mutant laboratory mice with abnormalities in hair follicle morphogenesis, cycling, and/or structure: annotated tables

86 citations , December 2001 in “Experimental dermatology”

Mutant mice help researchers understand hair growth and related genetic factors.

Mutant Laboratory Mice With Abnormalities in Hair Follicle Morphogenesis, Cycling, and Structure: An Update

research Mutant laboratory mice with abnormalities in hair follicle morphogenesis, cycling, and/or structure: An update

52 citations , October 2012 in “Journal of Dermatological Science”

The document concludes that mouse models are crucial for studying hair biology and that all mutant mice may have hair growth abnormalities that require detailed analysis to identify.

research Aging, alopecia, and stem cells

42 citations , February 2016 in “Science”

The document concludes that both internal stem cell factors and external influences like the environment and hormones affect hair loss and aging, with potential treatments focusing on these areas.

research Current Perspectives on the Physiological Activities of Fermented Soybean-Derived Cheonggukjang

26 citations , May 2021 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences”

Cheonggukjang may help prevent and manage various diseases and improve overall health, but its odor and safety concerns need addressing.

research Conventional and novel stem cell based therapies for androgenic alopecia

22 citations , August 2017 in “Stem cells and cloning”

Stem cell technologies and regenerative medicine, including platelet-rich plasma, show promise for hair restoration in treating hair loss, but more research is needed.

research Lymphatic vessel: origin, heterogeneity, biological functions, and therapeutic targets

3 citations , January 2024 in “Signal transduction and targeted therapy”

Lymphatic vessels are essential for health and can be targeted to treat various diseases.

Gamma Delta 17 T Cell-Stromal Networks Modulate Matrix Composition and Vascularity in Foreign Body Response

research γδ17 T cell-stromal networks modulate matrix composition and vascularity in foreign body response

1 citations , October 2025

γδ T cells help control tissue scarring and blood vessel growth in response to foreign objects.

research Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Fetal Skin Reveals Key Genes Related to Hair Follicle Morphogenesis in Cashmere Goats

127 citations , March 2016 in “PLoS ONE”

Key genes and pathways crucial for hair follicle development in cashmere goats were identified, aiding fleece production improvement.

research Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and polycystic ovary syndrome

114 citations , January 2014 in “World Journal of Gastroenterology”

People with PCOS, especially if obese, often have NAFLD, linked to obesity, insulin resistance, and high androgen levels.

research Six Novel Susceptibility Loci for Early-Onset Androgenetic Alopecia and Their Unexpected Association with Common Diseases

87 citations , May 2012 in “PLOS Genetics”

Six new genetic regions linked to early hair loss also connect to Parkinson's disease and prostate cancer, possibly leading to new treatments.