August 2024 in “JAAD Case Reports” Upadacitinib successfully regrew hair in a child with alopecia universalis and specific genetic mutations.
April 2023 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Removing UBE2N from skin cells causes inflammation and immune response, which can be lessened with specific inhibitors.
22 citations
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December 2013 in “Molecular biology of the cell” ILK is essential for proper hair follicle development and structure.
November 2025 in “The Journal of Immunology” Different γδ T cell types have unique roles in causing alopecia areata.
33 citations
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October 2006 in “European Journal of Immunology” The CD44-CD49d complex boosts T cell activation and survival in autoimmune disease.
October 2021 in “Dermatology Reports” Higher IL-17A levels indicate more severe alopecia areata.
Atopy and altered T cell functions contribute to Alopecia Areata.
10 citations
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November 2020 in “American Journal Of Pathology” Integrin β1 is crucial for liver structure and function, preventing fibrosis.
9 citations
,
May 2012 in “PLOS ONE” ILK is essential for skin development, pigmentation, and healing.
April 2023 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” IL-24 contributes to skin aging by increasing collagen-degrading enzymes and decreasing collagen production when exposed to air pollution.
April 2025 in “International Journal of General Medicine” The G allele of IFITM3 rs12252 is linked to more severe COVID-19.
717 citations
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June 2010 in “Nature” Alopecia areata involves both innate and adaptive immunity, with specific genes linked to the disease.
130 citations
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November 2017 in “Frontiers in Immunology” The conclusion is that Treg-targeted therapies have potential, but more knowledge of Treg biology is needed for effective treatments, including for cancer.
8 citations
,
October 2023 in “Frontiers in Immunology” Certain cytokines may cause or be affected by immune skin diseases, suggesting possible new treatments.
7 citations
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January 2020 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” NIPP1 is important for healthy skin and could help treat skin inflammation.
March 2026 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” April 2023 in “The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine” Higher Interleukin 17A levels may indicate more severe alopecia areata.
April 2015 in “Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery” TLR3 activation helps improve skin and hair follicle healing in mice.
1 citations
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September 2004 in “Experimental Dermatology” MC-1R is present in skin cells and may help reduce inflammation.
February 2024 in “International journal of molecular sciences” Type 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells help maintain skin health and balance, and are involved in skin diseases and healing.
April 2023 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Type 1/17 inflammation in psoriasis increases skin cell growth due to a molecule that could be a new treatment target.
December 2024 in “Kufa Medical journal” Higher levels of IL-17A and IL-2 are linked to alopecia areata.
223 citations
,
September 2018 in “Rheumatology” JAK inhibitors are effective in treating various immune-related diseases, not just rheumatoid arthritis.
29 citations
,
April 2000 in “Journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry/The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry” ICAM-1 helps regulate hair growth cycles and skin remodeling.
September 2017 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” LRIG1 protein affects hair growth by regulating skin receptors, leading to hair loss when overexpressed.
January 2022 in “The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine” Higher IL-21 levels may help predict alopecia areata activity.
11 citations
,
January 2015 in “Journal of cellular physiology” HR protein causes abnormal hair cycles by increasing Tgf-β2 and reducing miR-31.
Inhibiting IL-17 and IL-23 improves wound healing in obese, diabetic mice by promoting healing macrophages.
38 citations
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January 2016 in “Cell Death and Disease” The TCL1 transgenic mouse model is useful for understanding human B-cell leukemia and testing new treatments.
July 2024 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Expanding regulatory T cells may help treat alopecia areata by reducing harmful immune cells.